Table 10
| At
1-3 days (newborn) |
| Non-clinical
surveillance |
|
- PKU |
|
- hypothyroidism |
|
- cystic fibrosis |
|
- other as indicated |
| Surveillance
of physical health, including: |
|
- history, and observation of appearance, behaviour and movement; |
|
- full physical and neurological examination (tone, reflexes, movement,
cardiovascular system, hips, spine, anus, genitalia); |
| Measure
weight, length, head circumference. |
|
| At
1-3 weeks (neonatal) |
| Check
performance of non-clinical surveillance as for newborn and note any
results of other tests; |
| Check
if high risk for hearing problems and refer for testing if needed; |
| Surveillance
of physical health, including: |
|
- history, and observation of appearance, behaviour and movement. |
|
- full physical and neurological examination (tone, reflexes, movement,
cardiovascular system, hips, genitalia, eyes); |
| Measure
weight, length, head circumference. |
|
| At
6 weeks |
| Hearing:
refer for testing if high risk; |
| Surveillance
of physical health, including: |
|
- history, and observation of appearance, behaviour and movement; |
|
- full physical and neurological examination (tone reflexes, movement,
cardiovascular system, hips, genitalia, eyes) |
| Measure
weight, length, head circumference. |
|
| At
8 months (range 7-9 months) |
| Hearing: |
|
- refer for testing if high risk; |
|
- distraction testing for all others (pending outcome of further research); |
|
- address parental concerns. |
| Vision: |
|
- observe visual behaviour |
|
- check for strabismus; |
|
- address parental concerns; |
| Surveillance
of physical health, including: |
|
- eliciting parental concerns; |
|
- general observation; |
|
- specific examination of hips, genitalia; |
|
- full physical examination only of indicated; |
| Measure
weight, length, head circumference. |
| Check
on immunisation. |
|
| At
18 months (range 18-24 months) |
| Address
parental concerns, particularly with regard to development and behaviour
(no attempt at formal testing). |
| Vision: |
|
- observe visual behaviour, including fixation, following, nystagmus,
strabismus (no attempt to assess visual acuity); |
|
- address parental concerns. |
| Hearing: |
|
- observe hearing-related behaviours (no attempt at formal testing); |
|
- address parental concerns. |
| Observe
language, and general development and behaviour. |
| Surveillance
of physical health, including: |
|
- eliciting parental concerns; |
|
- general observations, particularly of gait; |
|
- examination of testes; |
|
- full physical examination only if indicated. |
| Measure
weight, length, head circumference. |
| Check
that first dental visit has occurred. |
|
| At
3 years 6 months (range 3 years, 6 months - 4 years) |
| Hearing:
test all children, pending outcome of further research; |
| Vision:
|
|
- examine eyes and observe for fixation, following, nystagmus, strabismus; |
|
- assess visual acuity; |
|
- address parental concerns about vision. |
| Surveillance
of physical health, including: |
|
- eliciting parental concerns; |
|
- specific enquiry about previous medical examinations, including
examination of cardiovascular system and auscultation of the heart; |
|
- observation, particularly of gait; |
|
- examination of testes; |
|
- full physical examination only if inidcated. |
| Observe
language, general development and behaviour. |
| Check
on: |
|
- immunisation and dental health |
| Pre
school children with additional needs |
| All
children identified as having possible additional needs should have
a comprehensive health assessment as early as possible for diagnostic
and/or descriptive purposes, management and planning. |
| Parents
and teachers of all children with additional needs should have access
to appropriate information, health education, coordination, liaison
and advocacy. |
| Professionals
working with these children need liaison with all others involved
with the child, to ensure a coordinated holistic approach to the child
and parents, while respecting confidentiality. |
| Monitoring
for the purposes of evaluation, epidemiology and research is also
important. |
|
| Population
surveillance for Pre-School children |
| All
health surveillance activities should be recorded to establish a population
surveillance database. |
| All
health surveillance activities need continued review and prospective
evaluation. |
|