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Two
groups were established for the second stage: the study group,
consisting of all parents who received the semi-structured education (33
cases) and a control group of parents (31 cases) chosen with
electronically randomization from who received ordinary health service
from the same center. The two groups were matched with regard to
educational status, family income, and number of children. The second
stage of the study was conducted 9 ± 1,45 months (min:7; max:11) after
the first encounters. A questionnaire was developed to assess the
knowledge and the attitudes of the parents with regard to ARIs and
antibiotics (Table 1). The questionnaire was applied by a telephone
survey. A behavior index was calculated by giving one point to each
correct answer in the questionnaire. Symptom-based, diagnosis-based, and
total scores were calculated.
Statistical analysis was carried out using χ2 and
Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0,05.
Results:
A total of 33 parents for the study group and 31
parents for control group were included in the study sample.
Of the study group, 33.3 % always, 42.4 % sometimes, 18.1% rarely, and
6,0 % never sought care of a physician for ARIs. The same percentages
for the control group were 32.3 %, 61.3 %, 19.4 %, and 0 % respectively.
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups
regarding health care utilization rates for ARIs (p > 0,05).
Antibiotic prescription rates for ARIs were significantly lower in the
study group than the control group (p=0.01) (Table 2).
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| Table
1: Questionnaire to assess the attitudes of the parents |
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1.
Mother’s education
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2.
Father’s education
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3.
Father’s job
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4.
Family income
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5.
Number of children
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6.
Do you seek help from a physician when your child has
common cold or respiratory infection?
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a. always b. sometimes
c. rarely
d. never
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7.
Does your physician prescribe your child antibiotics for
common cold or respiratory infection?
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a. always b. sometimes
c. rarely
d. never
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8.
If your child has common cold or respiratory infection, do
you use antibiotics without consulting your physician?
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a. always b. sometimes
c. rarely
d. never
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9.
In which of the following symptoms you think
antibiotics are always necessary?
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a. cough b.
earache
c. running nose d.
sore throat e.
fever
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10.
In which of the following diagnoses you think
antibiotics are always necessary?
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a. bronchitis
b. middle ear infection
c. tonsillitis d. sinusitis
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