THE IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL PLAY ON FINE MOTOR SKILLS OF CHILDREN

It should be emphasized that eye-hand and hand-hand coordination and fine motor skills are the means for manual expression. Each of these skills is involved in non-verbal communication. The coordination and integration of eye-hand and hand-hand activities in performing an effective movement involves the motor-perceptual relationship. The development of eye-hand coordination can enable the child to develop gross motor skills. Eye-foot and hand-hand coordination are necessary for the development of gross and fine motor skills such as mobility, movement patterns, rhythmical movement and manipulation.

The coordination of the fine motor skills is directly related to the growth of small muscles of hand, which are used for performing tasks such as writing, threading, assembling bolts and nuts and scissoring. The success on all these manual tasks will result in positive self-concept, and school achievement.

Our body is equipped with receptor organs, which are sensitive to senses of touch, pressure, temperature and position of various parts of the body in space. Perception of kinesis affects body image and the position of body in space. Providing opportunities for children to have some experience, practice and play in the tactile perceptions will help children to develop better perception of kinesis. These experiences will assist them to extend the execution of multi-sensory practices. Comparison of the degree of temperature, color, texture, design and touch will improve their kinetic perception. It is also important to encourage children to increase their awareness of their body position during movement. It seems that the more children become efficient in receiving and processing input stimulation, the more they are able to perceive their environment and as a result they become more able to describe and express themselves manually or verbally.

Considering the first stages of development, Vygotsky (1978) indicated that the basis of the formation of higher cortical functions is related to primary processes. If tactile perception and thoughts are not stable enough, complex concepts can not grow. If there is no stable foundation for immediate memory, long term memory will not form. However; in the next stages of mental development the relationship between primary and complex processes changes. Higher cortical functions which are based on the primary processes begin to affect the primary processes and even the simplest forms of cortical functions begin to reorganize. Therefore the development of memory in children should be studied by considering not only the changes happening in the memory but also the relationship between memory and other functions.

Play is a complex phenomenon, which is studied through different disciplines such as biology, humanities and sociology. For occupational therapists, play is multi-dimensional and socio-psycho-biological phenomenon. In recent years research has been done on the basis of the long history of the relationship between occupational therapy and playing as a comprehensive part of a healthy life. In conclusion it is important to mention 1) playing is not only a distinguishing feature of childhood but it is a guideline for development, 2) transformation from the domination of imaginary situations to the rule-driven situations in the development of play is very important, 3) playing will create changes in the development of child.