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Abstract
Background:
Diabetes is a widespread chronic
condition, with rising cases
due to aging, lifestyle, and
dietary shifts. Diagnosis
relies on blood glucose tests,
and early detection is vital
for preventing complications.
Key factors include genetics,
obesity, poor diet and inactivity.
Targeted interventions addressing
these can help reduce diabetes
rates and improve outcomes.
Aim:
The main aim is to determine
the prevalence of diabetes,
improve diagnostic accuracy,
and identify associated key
factors.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study
assessed diabetesprevalence,
diagnostic accuracy, and associated
factors. A representative
sample was surveyed on demographics,
lifestyle, and medical history,
with BMI measurements and
blood glucose tests for diagnosis.
Statistical analysis was used
to identify key factors linked
to diabetes.
Results:
A total of 964 attendees at
primary healthcare centers
participated, with a mean
age of 47.6 years (±
17.1) and a gender distribution
of 50.4% female. Initial screenings
found that 32.6% were diagnosed
with diabetes, 12.9% were
pre-diabetic, and 54.6% had
normal glucose levels. A follow-up
screening showed 36.8% were
diagnosed with diabetes, 12.9%
pre-diabetic, and 50.3% normal.
Among 312 confirmed diabetes
cases, 30.1% had Type 2 diabetes
and 2.3% had Type 1. Factors
linked to a diabetes diagnosis
included age (higher odds
for those over 50), male gender,
obesity (6.5 times higher
odds), hypertension (3.1 times),
and dyslipidemia (3.8 times).
Conclusion:
The study reveals a high prevalence
of type 2 diabetes in Saudi
Arabia’s middle-aged
and elderly population, with
one-third diagnosed. Risk
factors include age, obesity,
and hypertension. Undiagnosed
cases pose serious complications,
burdening the healthcare system
and requiring enhanced preventive
efforts.
Keywords:
Diabetes screening, Prevalence
of diabetes,
Type of diabetes, Risk factor,
Saudi Arabia
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