Results:
The demographic characteristics of the study population are represented
in table 1. The mean values of height, weight, BMI, WC, WHR of
the subjects according to their sexes are shown in table 2. BMI
was found correlated with WC (R=0.781) and WHR (R=0.196). The
correlation was permanent in males and in females in different
power.
Android and General Obesity:
According to their BMI measurements, 699 (36.1%) of the subjects
were over weighted, 529 (27.3%) of them were obese among study
population. The BMI groups in sexes are shown in figure 1. According
to WHR 364 subjects (18.8%) and to WC 704 (36.3%) had measurements
indicated as high CVD risk. The mean values of WHR and WC classified
for relative CVD risks are shown in table 3.
Risk Factors for Obesity:
The epidemiologic risk factors for obesity (Body mass index=30
kg/m²) were; age (OR=1.06 [95% Confidence Interval 1.05-1.07]),
female gender (OR=1.38 [1.12-1.72]), marital status (to be married)
(OR=2.77 [1.96-3.91]) and to be never smoker (OR=1.40 [1.12-1.74]),
while socio-economical status, sedentary life style, having diabetes
mellitus, regular exercises, usage of alcohol and habitation had
no effect on general obesity. In male subjects the WC values were
5 cm (mean=100.94±11.03, p=0,001) and BMI were 2 kg/m²
(mean=28.83±3.75, p=0,002) higher in the subjects who have
DM. Female DM patients had significantly higher BMI (mean=31.76
kg/m²), WHR (mean=0.86), and WC (mean=96.45 cm) than other
subjects (p<0.001). |
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Life Style Factors and Obesity:
Physical activity: The interviewed life style factors of the
subjects are summarized in table 4. While most of the subjects
(82.2%) had a sedentary life style, 708 (26.7%) of the subjects
claimed that they had weekly regular exercise and 20.5% of them
were performing regular exercise three or more times a week.
The mean exercise time was 78.56 minutes/week. The most frequent
type of exercise was jogging (60.4%). Male subjects were more
active than females (p<0,001).
The WC is found significant according to the PAL of the male
subjects (p=0.006), the least active group (mean=97.45 cm) have
3.8 cm higher WC than the most active group respectively. In
females BMI (p=0.005) and WC (p=0.030) were statistically different
in PAL groups. The least active group had 1.5 kg/m² higher
BMI (mean=27.91 kg/m²) and 2.8 cm WC (mean=86.36 cm) values
than most actives.
Smoking and Alcohol: Smokers had significantly lower BMI and
WC levels compared to never smokers and ex-smokers but WHR was
affected only for women (p<0.001). The male smokers' WC and
BMI were 4.8 cm and 1.6 kg/m² lower than never smokers'
respectively. Female smokers have 2.9 kg/m² BMI, 0.28 WHR,
and 6.08 cm WC lower measurements than never smokers.
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