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June 2022 -
Volume 20, Issue 6


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From the Editor

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The prevalence and outcome of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia over a 5 year period at tertiary care in Saudi Arabia
Ali Amer Al Shehri, Bader Ibrahim Asiri, Khalid Mousa Asiri, Mohammad Abdullah Albakkar, Salmah Muidh Ali Alharbi, Saeed Saad Alqahtani, Sultan Ahmad Alkahtani, Yahya Mohammed Aloosh
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525054

Regional Covid

Acceptance, perception and awareness regarding COVID-19 vaccination among general population in Karachi, Pakistan
Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi, Nadira Hyder Zaidi, Aamer Humayun Ansari, Sobia Memon, Faheem Ahmed, Aleena Waheed, Javeria Abdul Mateen, Amtul Bari, Fatima Tuz Zehra
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525052

Misconceptions and Fears among Primary Health Care Physicians in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, regarding COVID-19
Ameen Mohammed Hashem Malky, Khalid M. Almosa
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525066

Review

Granulomatous Gastritis in Crohn's Disease - is it Common or Rare: Review Article
Al Amri Turki Abdullah, Parul Tandon
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525060

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review Article
Hani Raka Karrar, Mahmoud Ismail Nouh, Rehab Salah Aldin Alhendi,
Osama Habib Alsaedi, Amal Hassan Abu Sadah, Nouf Mousa Bahri, Mohammed Ghumays M Alharthi, Omar Aziz Bahlol Aldhafeeri,
Salihah Ali Razqan, Mohammed Yahya Mojammam, Hessa Meteq Albalawi, Mohammed Aljunaid Alamin Alsheikh, Naif Ibrahim Saeed Abusharhah,
Saleh Jabbar Alzahrani, Sara Gafar Ali Seedahmed
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525062

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of pancreatic and biliary disorders
Shaza Youssef, Thamin Alassaad
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525073

Classification and Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis
Thamin Alassaad, Shaza Youssef
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525074

Population and Community Studies

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Over-the-Counter Drugs (OTC) use among adult population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Fathi El-Gamal, Badr Atia Alsahafi, Ibrahim Alsammak, Emad Darwesh, Raad Albogami, Abdullah Taha
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525056

A Prospective Study Comparing Laparoscopic with Open Appendectomy in Children with Complicated Appendicitis
Younes, Alaa E.
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525063

Physical Activity and Eating Habits Impact on Attentiveness and Academic Achievement Among Health Specialty Students in University of Hail
Khalid Farhan Alshammari, Abdulmohsin Homoud Almalaq, Fadi Sulaiman Alqassim, Khalid Falah Alqahtani
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525064

Assessment of Knowledge and practice of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) among Primary care physicians in Najran, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Ayed Huneif
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525065

Primary Healthcare Physicians' Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Diabetic Foot Prevention and Management in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Hassan Mohammed H. Alqarni, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alshehri,
Shahad Hassan Ali Alhayaza, Ali Al-Mousa
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525079

Knowledge and awareness level about radial head subluxation mechanism among Saudi population living in western region of Saudi Arabia
Enaam M.Junainah, Areej A. Alsufyani, Abdulaziz B. Alghuraibi, Ahmed F.Aljuhani, Raghad M. Alsaqqa, Huda A. Alzahrani
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525082

Clinical Review

Allergy to Salbutamol
Turki Alahmadi
[Abstract]
[pdf]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022. 9525086

Middle East Quality Improvement Program
(MEQUIP QI&CPD)


Chief Editor -
Abdulrazak Abyad MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE

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Publisher -
Lesley Pocock
medi+WORLD International
AUSTRALIA
Email
: lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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June 2022 - Volume 20, Issue 6

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review Article

(1) Pharmaceutical Care Department, General Network for Healthcare Providers Hospital, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
(2) College of Medicine, Ibn Sina College, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6264-6996(3) Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
(4) AlNahhas pharmacy, Saudi Arabia.
(5) Applied Science Private University.
(6) Amwaj Medical Complex.
(7) Hafer Albatin Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
(8) King Fahad General Hospital.
(9) Almadaya PHCC.
(10) Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Armed forces Hospital, Medina.
(11) Hagl General Hospital, Ministry of Health.
(12) Prince Sultan Cardiac Center.
(13) Health Affairs in Taif.
(14) Hagl General Hospital, Ministry of Health.

Corresponding author:
Hani Raka KarrarTel.: +966 59 060 0263.
Email: hanywell2006m@hotmail.com

Received: April 2022 Accepted: May 2022; Published: June 1, 2022. Citation: Hani Raka Karrar et al. Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review Article. World Family Medicine. 2022; 20(6): 66-71 DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.9525062

Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common chronic disease in childhood and one of its complications is diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is considered one of the most common causes of death in a patient with type 1 diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, ketosis, and acidosis. The incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis has increased globally, annually. Diabetic ketoacidosis may be life-threatening and lead to diabetic coma or death. Diabetic ketoacidosis is defined as metabolic decompensation caused by increasing ketones in the blood. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when the body doesn’t have enough insulin to allow blood sugar into the cells for use as energy potentiated by glucose counter-regulatory hormone excess. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with vague symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and pain in the abdomen. A characteristic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis, such as Kussmaul breathing, is present in limited patients. Early diagnosis and management are effective to improve patient outcomes. Infections in diabetic patients should be carefully monitored as they are the most common precipitating factors for diabetic ketoacidosis. The diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is based on three major signs which are hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. The treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis includes fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, insulin administration, and monitoring of the signs of cerebral edema and fluid overdose. This review article will mainly focus on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and morbidity of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Keywords: Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Review
Article, Insulin Therapy, Type one Diabetes mellitus. Type Two Diabetes Mellitus







 


 

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