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| From
the Editor |
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Editorial
A. Abyad (Chief Editor)
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Original Contribution
Assessment of patient safety culture in tertiary
health care settings in Taif City, Saudi Arabia
[pdf]
Dalia El-Sayed Desouky , Atheer Alraqi , Rabeah
Alsofyani , Najla Alghamdi
DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2019.93673
The Development of a Primary Health Care system
in the State of Qatar
[pdf]
Asan Ali Qasim Al Nyazee, Sarab K. Abedalrahman,
Zeena N. Abdulrahman, Islam A.R. Zadawy
DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2019.93667
Hypoglycemia: Its effect on patients with
diabetes
[pdf]
Bilal Ahmed, Muhammed Naeem Khan
DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2019.93675
Clinical Research and
Methods
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureterorenoscopy
procedures of ureteric stone disease inpatients
with a solitary kidney in Aden
[pdf]
Ali Ahmed Salem Hatroom
DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2019.93681
Population and Community
Studies
Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis and Dyslipidemia.
A study from Kurdistan of Iraq
[pdf]
Asso Amin, Raof Merza, Mohammed J. Baban, Hawar
Khan, Khalid A. Hama-ghareeb, Mohammed IM Gubari,
Soran Noori, Saman Sadeq, Alan Saeed
DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2019.93682
Smoking-induced endothelial damage may increase
plasma triglycerides
[pdf]
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Abdulrazak Abyad, Lesley
Pocock
DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2019.93676
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Chief
Editor -
Abdulrazak
Abyad
MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
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Phone: (961) 6-443684
Fax: (961) 6-443685
Email:
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Lesley
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medi+WORLD International
AUSTRALIA
Email:
lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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| September 2019
- Volume 17, Issue 9 |
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Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
and Dyslipidemia.
A study from Kurdistan of Iraq
Asso
Amin (1)
Raof Merza (1)
Mohammed J. Baban (2)
Hawar Khan (2)
Khalid A. Hama-ghareeb (1)
Mohammed IM Gubari (1)
Soran Noori (3)
Saman Sadeq (3)
Alan Saeed (4)
(1) Department of Medicine, College of Medicine,
Ministry of Higher Education, Kurdistan Regional
Government, Iraq.
(2) Department of Rheumatology, Sulaimany General
Medical Teaching Hospital, Sulaimany, Iraq.
(3) Department of Orthopedic, Sulaimany Surgical
Teaching Hospital, Sulaimany, Iraq.
(4) Department of Family Physician, PHCC-Qatar,
Doha, Qatar.
Correspondence:
Dr Asso Amin,
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine,
Ministry of Higher Education,
Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
Email: delanamin@hotmail.com
Received: July 2019; Accepted: August 2019;
Published: September 1, 2019. Citation: Asso
Amin. et al. Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
and Dyslipidemia. A study from Kurdistan of
Iraq. World Family Medicine. 2019; 17(9): 30-35.
DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2019.93682
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Abstract
Background: As
a complex multifactorial condition, knee
osteoarthritis has been considered as
a leading cause of disabilities. Dyslipidemia
is a metabolic component that can probably
play a role in knee osteoarthritis development
and comorbidities; however, this relationship
is still debated. The present study was
carried out in order to figure out the
prevalence of dyslipidemia among knee
osteoarthritis patients and to compare
their abnormal serum lipid components
with non-exposed individuals.
Patients and
methods: A total of 60 patients with
knee osteoarthritis and 60 non-exposed
(without knee osteoarthritis) individuals
were studied in a prospective cohort study
that was conducted from March 2018 to
May 2019. The patients were chosen from
those who referred to the Rheumatology
Division in Sulaymaniyah, the Kurdistan
Region of Iraq. EULAR and ACR diagnostic
and classification criteria and radiographic
confirmation for definite osteophyte were
utilized to diagnose the primary knee
osteoarthritis. Required data were collected
using a questionnaire, taking blood samples
and by conducting several laboratory tests.
Results:
The mean age of the patients with knee
osteoarthritis was 51.8 years. Female-to-male
ratio was 2.1:1. It was seen that dyslipidemia
increased two folds among patients with
knee osteoarthritis than the non-exposed
subjects. Patients and non-exposed subjects
were significantly different in terms
of dyslipidemia prevalence (p<0.013).
Furthermore, all the lipid components
were significantly abnormal in those with
knee osteoarthritis.
Conclusion:
Dyslipidemia is prevalent among knee osteoarthritis
patients, and there is a significant association
between knee osteoarthritis and high-density
lipoprotein, total cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein, and triglyceride. Dyslipidemia
prevention may reduce the development
of knee osteoarthritis and cardiovascular
comorbidities.
Key words:
knee osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia,
serum lipid components, radiography
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As the most common chronic, heterogeneous,
and debilitating arthritic disorder, osteoarthritis
(OA) mainly impacts diarthrodial joints [1-5].
Quality of life can be negatively affected by
osteoarthritis, which in turn raises the healthcare
and social costs [6]. The prevalence of OA ranges
from 3.8-70% depending on different regions
of the world [7], and it has been reported to
affect 1 million people in Iraq, Yemen, Saudi
Arabia, and Syria [8]. In addition, it has been
indicated that OA was more prevalent among men
than women. However, studies demonstrated that
beyond 50 women are more likely to have OA than
same age men [9].
The most common type of OA is knee osteoarthritis
(KOA) [10]. The prevalence of KOA has been reported
to be 12% in those over the age of 55 years
[11].
OA is associated with pain and functional limitations
[12] and is typically believed to be the result
of obesity and aging [13]. In addition to age
and obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been
referred to as a major risk factor for OA development
[14]. Association between OA and MetS is referred
to as metabolic OA, indicating the association
between OA and obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension
[15].
Due to the high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis
(KOA) particularly in the middle-aged individuals,
the debilitating effect of osteoarthritis and
consequently has a negative impact on quality
of life. Moreover, due to the reported association
between OA and dyslipidemia, the present investigation
was carried out in order to study the prevalence
of dyslipidemia among individuals with symptomatic
KOA.
Study
design
and
sample:
The
present
investigation
was
a
prospective
cohort
study
which
was
carried
out
in
the
Rheumatology
Division
in
Sulaymaniyah,
Iraqi
Kurdistan
from
March
2018
to
May
2019.
For
this
purpose,
60
patients
with
symptomatic
KOA
(41
females
and
19
males)
were
chosen
as
the
exposed
for
the
study.
Following
both
ACR
classification
of
OA
of
the
knee
[27]
and
EULAR
evidence-based
recommendations
for
the
diagnosis
of
knee
osteoarthritis
[28],
60
non-exposed
(no
symptomatic
KOA)
with
the
same
age
range
were
selected
in
order
to
be
compared
to
the
exposed.
Selection
of
the
target
sample
was
based
on
some
inclusion
and
exclusion
criteria.
The
inclusion
criteria
involved
patient
consent,
age,
duration
of
knee
pain
not
exceeding
2
years,
presence
of
definite
osteophyte
in
at
least
one
joint,
and
normal
body
mass
index
(BMI).
Patients
with
possible
secondary
causes
of
dyslipidemia
were
excluded.
Data
collection:
The
exposed
and
non-exposed
individuals
randomly
visited
the
Rheumatology
Division,
and
the
required
data
were
collected
by
conducting
face-to-face
interviews
using
a
researcher-designed
questionnaire.
Statistical
analysis:
In
order
to
analyze
the
collected
data,
Statistical
Package
for
Social
Sciences
version
25
was
used.
The
descriptive
results
were
expressed
as
mean
±
standard
deviation
(SD).
Normality
of
the
data
was
verified
using
Kolmogorov
Smirnov
test.
The
categorical
variables
were
analyzed
through
Chi-square
test,
and
Fisher’s
exact
test
was
used
when
more
than
20%
of
the
cells
were
less
than
five.
Pearson’s
and
Spearman’s
tests
were
used
for
the
correlation
between
the
variables.
Level
of
significance
probability
value
(p-value)
was
set
at
0.05.
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