From the Editor
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In this issue there are a good number of papers dealing with clinical and basic research, in addition to good number of paper on woman health. We are starting with this issue as well as special series on learning difficulties a problem that is faced by family physicians and good understanding of the problem improve management outcome. Helvaci, M.R et al tried to understand significance of hyperlipoproteinemias, clinically. The authors concluded that the accelerated atherosclerotic process all over the body may be the major consequence of the metabolic syndrome. Hyperlipoproteinemias may actually be acute phase reactants indicating the disseminated endothelial damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and eventual atherosclerosis by aging all over the body.

A number of authors dealt with woman issues, Hasan, A et al; address the significance of sonographic diagnosis of vasa previa in pregnancy outcome. They performed a multicenter study in 3 private hospitals in Iraq during a 5 years period. The authors concluded that although vasa previa is a rare lethal complication, Antenatal diagnosis is essential to improve fetal survival by colour Doppler ultrasonography. Heidari, G et al carried a descriptive study to evaluate the frequency of vaginal delivery following a previous C section. Based on this study, the phrase "once a cesarean, always cesarean" can change to "once a cesarean, often vaginal delivery". Moradabadi A.S et al conducted a research on on primiparous women in Bandar Abbas based on the health belief model. The authors concluded that it appears that enacting appropriate instructional plans by the medical staff can be effective in raising women's susceptibility and perceived severity of the consequences of cesarean.

Zarchi, M.K et al; did a cross-sectional study to investigate the clinical characteristics and 5 year survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. According to 5-year decrease in survival rate with increasing stage of disease, screening of this cancer in at risk populations is essential for early diagnosis. Mokaberinejad, R; did a randomized, clinical trial was performed on 64 pregnant women with unexplained asymmetric Fetal Growth Restriction. The authors concluded that the potential of dietary treatment through the advises of Iranian traditional (Persian) medicine should be given more attention in helping to solve the challenges of modern medicine as a low-risk and low-cost method. Masihi S et al; studied the association of CVS and amniocentesis for Down syndrome with fetal loss was assessed. According to obtained results, it may be concluded that there is no association between CVS and amniocentesis for Down syndrome with fetal loss. Safi S et al; carried a cross sectional-analytical research conducted on 110 Mastectomy and Lumpectomy samples of breast cancer. They concluded that Further expression of ER in tumors with lower grades is predictable. As a result, it can be used as an indicator to predict better prognosis among patients with breast invasive cancer.

A number of papers presented alternative medicine approach. Aalami,H et al; showed that hybrid aromatherapy as a cost effective and uncomplicated method can improve sleep quality of patients with ACS admitted to CCU. Rafii, F et al; showed that training MS patients with urinary incontinence to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises can reduce the severity of their urinary disorders and promote their quality of life. Mehrdad M et al; compared the effects of chamomile's hydro alcoholic extract and imipramine on decreasing depression of laboratory mice. They concluded that chamomile extract can be a replacement for imipramine to reduce the depression symptoms, dose dependently. Mojtabaee, M et al; scrutinize the effect of the persian medicine "Milk-Cuscuta" on the hyperpigmentation of skin in the patients with melisma. The findings demonstrate that the consumption of the Cuscuta extract with milk can reduce the synthesis of melatonin and consequently results in the elimination of melasma.

Biabani, F et al; conducted a study to examine the effect of muscle relaxation on dialysis adequacy in patients on hemodialysis. The authors concluded that the increased dialysis adequacy and its safety and ease, it is recommended that muscle relaxation be taught in hemodialysis wards.

A number of papers dealt with psychological aspects. Momtazi, S et al; showed that motivational interviewing as a group therapy was effective in glycemic control as well as treatment satisfaction of type 2 diabetes patients. Farahzadi S et el; showed that education is empowering couples group therapy on marital satisfaction have been effective in the experimental group. Moghadam L.Z et al; determined tend to rhinoplasty in terms of self-esteem and body image concern among university students. The results of this study show that the intention of doing rhinoplasty surgery among university students affected by level of their Self-esteem and also their concerns about their body image. Mohammadi, P et al; noted that observing patient rights by the healthcare staff and patients' awareness of the patient rights charter are crucial behavioral factors in hospitals that should be given a high priority so as to improve inpatients' recovery and comfort. Ghorbani, N et al clarifies the taking effect of self-compassion from culture and inconsistency of the Persian culture on self-compassion. Alboativi, H et al recommended based on their study that health care centers and the centers that are associated with veterans uses this intervention method in relation to veterans.

Ziaei, T et al; investigated the effectiveness of self-awareness based individual counseling on self-awareness of women in reproductive age. The authors concluded that the self-awareness based individual counseling session shows a positive effect on enhancing the private and public self-awareness and reducing social anxiety. Dehbaneh M.A et al; through their study concluded that early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional attitudes and emotional-focused coping strategies can be important factors in the formation of body dysmorphic disorder. Shiravani, A et al tried to investigate the relationship between social trust and social indifference of the citizens. They concluded that, the relationship between public trust and political trust with social indifference has also been reported significant and negative.

Pondehnezhadan, A et al; showed that schema therapy leads to an increase in satisfaction with body-image, elevation of self-concept and reduction of body maladaptive schemata in the Patients with deformity in experimental group, compared to the control group. Siadatnezhad, S et al; aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) in an Iranian target group. They recommend that the PGS-P be used to assess grief severity in parents after perinatal loss and to identify high-risk women who are more vulnerable so that the healthcare system could help them.

A number of papers dealt with basic research. Hovsepian S et al; investigated the interaction of some lipid regulatory genes polymorphisms with obesity in the occurrence of MetS in children. Identification of such interactions between modifiers like obesity with genetic variants could be helpful in development of preventative strategies for reducing the increasing trend of MetS in children. Farshchian, N et al compared RI and PSV of the MCA in normal fetuses vs. fetuses with mutation of the beta-thalassemia gene. The authors concluded that PSV of the MCA of fetuses with major beta-thalassemia was higher than normal fetuses. Abtahi, M.M et al; looked at the biological dosimetry method: a probable way for measuring percent depth dose. The authors recommend more research to make the biological dosimeters as a precise method for radiation therapy.

A topic of growing interest is safety and health. Porkavosh S et al; carried a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, they concluded that the adverse effects of VOCs on human and environmental health as well as the role of these pollutants in the formation of photochemical oxidants, appropriate actions related to monitoring and controlling these compounds should be considered in urban air. Maleki, A et al through a clinical trial concluded that the active warming of the patients in the operating room prevents reduced body central temperature. Also, the warming of the patients for a short time prevents the occurrence of hypothermia. Kashani, F.R et al; demonstrated that the establishment of patient safety standards can exert a significant effect on the quality of patient identification, blood typing, and the implementation of tests for determining ABO compatibility and blood transport and conservation in the haemovigilance system.

Keikhaei, F et al; assessed health literacy, determine lifestyle based on four dimensions of nutrition, physical activity, interpersonal relations, and mental health. Therefore, educations and interventions in this group of people is recommended to improve health literacy. Almasi K et al; conducted a study to determine PLSs of nursing and midwifery students. The authors concluded that visual styles are the most common learning style for nursing and midwifery students.

Bendak L; investigated the importance of reading repetition for slow learners which reflects positively on their reading fluency and passage comprehension. The Results of this study showed significant statistical differences to the benefit of the experimental group over the control group regarding reading fluency and passage comprehension. Khalaj, E et al; investigated the effectiveness of education and cognitive self-regulation on academic burnout and cognitive dissonance and academic performance of elementary school girl students. The data analysis results indicate that all three research hypotheses, which was included: Learning of cognitive self-regulation strategies which causes to reduce the students' academic burnout, learning of cognitive self-regulation strategies which causes to reduce the students' cognitive dissonance and learning of cognitive self-regulation. Rezaeian, M et al provided an insight into developing a researchable question or a testable hypothesis. They provide a sensible guideline which should suit most aspects of academic, scientific, industrial and commercial research.

A number of authors considered community issues. Omraninava, M et al; evaluated the obesity rate among the children from first grade elementary schools. The authors concluded that
the overall prevalence of obesity in Sari was high, which proposes the nasality for serious consideration in the health system, and designing, developing, and implementing of preventive approaches with regard to childhood obesity. Saadat M et al; investigated the role of aerobic exercise on subjective well-being of high school female students in yasuj. The results of covariance analysis showed that aerobic exercise exercises affect mental well-being, as well as various aspects.

Soltani-Nejad S et al Tried to determine the effect of training of quality of life on self-esteem of patients with hemodialysis. Due to the effect of training on increasing self-esteem and quality of life in patients with hemodialysis, it is recommended to concern training of quality of life as part of the training program in hemodialysis units, as well as other chronic diseases benefit of such training. Saffari, L et al looked at the relationship between coaches' misconduct and the progressive motivation of elite female athletes. The components of misconduct explained the progressive motivation. Goodness of fit indices (NFI, SRMR), with their interpretation, showed that the model did not have a fairly suitable fitness and the indices should be interpreted with caution in SMART-PLS.

Ghanadi, K et al did a case-control on ulcer patients. The authors concluded that in general, peptic ulcer is considered as a common and serious problem all around the world and 5 to 10% of the population are affected by PU during their life. Therefore, the incidence and complications of this disease can be significantly prevented by correcting risk factors and lifestyle, as well as by improving the health conditions of the community. Meidani, M et al; looked at the use of quantitaive ploymerase chain reaction in diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia. The authors concluded that 12% of immunocompromised patients and 8% of non-immunocompromised were colonized by Pj which may progress to PJP or contaminate to susceptible individuals.

Emami, M et al; determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adolescents that presenting for primary care to pediatric orthopedic clinic. The authors concluded that there is a high rate of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in children referred to pediatric orthopedic clinic that is more evident in 6-10 years group. Kianmehr, M et; al did a study to to evaluate the effect of MRI on vital signs of patients. The results showed that 0.35 T magnetic MRI could decrease systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate; however, it did not influence body temperature index.

Nazer, M.R et al; Carried a retrospective study to investigate the prevalence of cutaneous fungal infections among patients referred to Mycology Laboratory. The authors concluded that saprophytic infections were more common than the dermatophytoses in Sari located in Mazandaran province with hot humid climate. Tricophyton mentagrophyte is the most common species among dermatophytosis but in the other studies the commonest form were Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton verrucosum, Tricophyton violaceum and Epidermophyton floccosum. The differences could be due to differences in climate.

Chief Editor:
A. Abyad
MD, MPH, AGSF, AFCHSE
Email: aabyad@cyberia.net.lb

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