| 
                       
                        |  |   
                        |  |   
                        | 
                            Original 
                          Contribution / Clinical Investigation 
                              | ............................................................. |   
                              |  |   
                              | ........................................................ |   
                              | From 
                                the Editor |   
                              |  
 | Editorial A. Abyad (Chief Editor)
 |   
                              |  |  |   
                              | ........................................................ |   
                              | Opinion 
 |   
                              |   | <-- Lebanon-->Evolution
 [pdf version]
 Omar Abyad
 |   
                              | ........................................................ |  
 
 
                             
                              |  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 | <-- Turkey -->Is Sleep 
                                  Apnea Worse in the Winter?
 [pdf 
                                  version]
 Mustafa Yilmaz, Nigar Yilmaz, Dilek Aslan Ozturk, 
                                  Ercan Baldemir, Gülser Karadaban Emir, 
                                  Murat Sahan, Yasemin Unal, Ayse Sözen, 
                                  Gülnihal Kutlu
 
 <-- Turkey -->
 Red blood cell supports in severe clinical conditions 
                                  in sickle cell diseases
 [pdf version]
 Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Nesrin Atci, Orhan Ayyildiz, 
                                  Orhan Ekrem Muftuoglu, Lesley Pocock
 |  ........................................................Medicine and Society
 
 ........................................................Education and Training
 
 
                             
                              | Chief 
                                  Editor -Abdulrazak 
                                  Abyad 
                                  MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
 .........................................................
 Editorial 
                                  Office -Abyad Medical Center & Middle East Longevity 
                                  Institute
 Azmi Street, Abdo Center,
 PO BOX 618
 Tripoli, Lebanon
 Phone: (961) 6-443684
 Fax:     (961) 6-443685
 Email: 
                                  aabyad@cyberia.net.lb
 .........................................................
 Publisher 
                                  - Lesley 
                                  Pocock
 medi+WORLD International
 11 Colston Avenue,
 Sherbrooke 3789
 AUSTRALIA
 Phone: +61 (3) 9005 9847
 Fax: +61 (3) 9012 5857
 Email: 
                                  lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
 .........................................................
 Editorial 
                                  Enquiries - abyad@cyberia.net.lb
 .........................................................
 Advertising 
                                  Enquiries - 
                                   lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
 .........................................................
 While all 
                                  efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy 
                                  of the information in this journal, opinions 
                                  expressed are those of the authors and do not 
                                  necessarily reflect the views of The Publishers, 
                                  Editor or the Editorial Board. The publishers, 
                                  Editor and Editorial Board cannot be held responsible 
                                  for errors or any consequences arising from 
                                  the use of information contained in this journal; 
                                  or the views and opinions expressed. Publication 
                                  of any advertisements does not constitute any 
                                  endorsement by the Publishers and Editors of 
                                  the product advertised. The contents 
                                  of this journal are copyright. Apart from any 
                                  fair dealing for purposes of private study, 
                                  research, criticism or review, as permitted 
                                  under the Australian Copyright Act, no part 
                                  of this program may be reproduced without the 
                                  permission of the publisher. |  |  | 
                       
                        | 
                             
                              | June 2016 - Volume 
                                14, Issue 5 |  |   
                        | 
                             
                              | Evolution
 
 M. Omar Abyad
 
 Correspondence:M. Omar Abyad
 Tripoli
 Lebanon
 Email: oabyadkb@gmail.com
 
 
                                   
                                    | 
 |   
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         
                                           
                                             
                                               
                                                 
                                                   
                                                     
                                                       
                                                         
                                                           
                                                             
                                                               
                                                                 
                                                                   
                                                                     
                                                                       
                                                                         
                                                                           
                                                                             
                                                                               
                                                                                 
                                                                                   
                                                                                     
                                                                                       
                                                                                         
                                                                                           
                                                                                             
                                                                                               
                                                                                                 
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                     
                                                                                                       
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                           
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                              Image 
                                                                                                                source: 
                                                                                                                https://worldviewofjesus.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/evolution.jpg
 Usually 
                                                                                                                things 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                clear 
                                                                                                                cycle. 
                                                                                                                The 
                                                                                                                process 
                                                                                                                starts, 
                                                                                                                goes 
                                                                                                                on, 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                ends, 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                begins 
                                                                                                                again, 
                                                                                                                etc. 
                                                                                                                But 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                evolution 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                "Normal" 
                                                                                                                thinking 
                                                                                                                process 
                                                                                                                doesn't 
                                                                                                                seem 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                apply. 
                                                                                                                By 
                                                                                                                evolution 
                                                                                                                I 
                                                                                                                don't 
                                                                                                                refer 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                Charles 
                                                                                                                Darwin 
                                                                                                                or 
                                                                                                                his 
                                                                                                                theories. 
                                                                                                                According 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                him, 
                                                                                                                species 
                                                                                                                ADAPT 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                environments, 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                other 
                                                                                                                words 
                                                                                                                they 
                                                                                                                alter 
                                                                                                                certain 
                                                                                                                details 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                their 
                                                                                                                genetic 
                                                                                                                blueprints 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                enhance 
                                                                                                                their 
                                                                                                                capacity 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                life. 
                                                                                                                Evolution 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                defined 
                                                                                                                as 
                                                                                                                altering 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                meaning 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                essence 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                one's 
                                                                                                                existence. 
                                                                                                                Therefore, 
                                                                                                                organisms 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                subjected 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                adaptation 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                evolution.
 
 My 
                                                                                                                concern 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                thing 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                great 
                                                                                                                importance 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                us 
                                                                                                                humans. 
                                                                                                                It 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                physical 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                has 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                predefined 
                                                                                                                shape 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                size, 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                understand 
                                                                                                                its 
                                                                                                                structure 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                function 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                yet 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                creates 
                                                                                                                what 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                cannot 
                                                                                                                comprehend. 
                                                                                                                It 
                                                                                                                derives 
                                                                                                                inspiration 
                                                                                                                from 
                                                                                                                its 
                                                                                                                surroundings 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                yet 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                able 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                create 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                unobservable. 
                                                                                                                It 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                limited 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                its 
                                                                                                                accessories 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                yet 
                                                                                                                sees 
                                                                                                                what 
                                                                                                                an 
                                                                                                                eye 
                                                                                                                cannot, 
                                                                                                                hears 
                                                                                                                what 
                                                                                                                an 
                                                                                                                ear 
                                                                                                                cannot, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                feels 
                                                                                                                what 
                                                                                                                fingers 
                                                                                                                cannot.
 
 Many 
                                                                                                                would 
                                                                                                                say 
                                                                                                                I 
                                                                                                                speak 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                human 
                                                                                                                brain, 
                                                                                                                but 
                                                                                                                they 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                mistaken. 
                                                                                                                The 
                                                                                                                brain, 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                definition 
                                                                                                                controls 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                physical 
                                                                                                                aspects 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                bodies 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                therefore 
                                                                                                                can 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                thought 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                as 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                mere 
                                                                                                                organ. 
                                                                                                                I 
                                                                                                                speak 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                something 
                                                                                                                far 
                                                                                                                more 
                                                                                                                intricate 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                its 
                                                                                                                workings. 
                                                                                                                I 
                                                                                                                speak 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                mind. 
                                                                                                                No 
                                                                                                                one 
                                                                                                                knows 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                true 
                                                                                                                workings 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                mind, 
                                                                                                                where 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                resides, 
                                                                                                                whether 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                dies 
                                                                                                                etc. 
                                                                                                                But 
                                                                                                                one 
                                                                                                                thing 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                certain: 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                has 
                                                                                                                driven 
                                                                                                                man 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                greatness 
                                                                                                                (and 
                                                                                                                madness). 
                                                                                                                As 
                                                                                                                all 
                                                                                                                things 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                nature 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                mind 
                                                                                                                evolves 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                empower 
                                                                                                                its 
                                                                                                                host. 
                                                                                                                For 
                                                                                                                example, 
                                                                                                                take 
                                                                                                                Legos. 
                                                                                                                These 
                                                                                                                most 
                                                                                                                ingenious 
                                                                                                                toys 
                                                                                                                output 
                                                                                                                physical 
                                                                                                                representations 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                mental 
                                                                                                                development 
                                                                                                                within 
                                                                                                                children 
                                                                                                                who 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                only 
                                                                                                                just 
                                                                                                                begun 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                learn 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                world 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                its 
                                                                                                                workings. 
                                                                                                                At 
                                                                                                                first 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                child 
                                                                                                                would 
                                                                                                                build 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                small 
                                                                                                                simple 
                                                                                                                house 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                door 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                window. 
                                                                                                                With 
                                                                                                                time, 
                                                                                                                he 
                                                                                                                adds 
                                                                                                                rooms, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                gives 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                house 
                                                                                                                dimensions 
                                                                                                                quite 
                                                                                                                similar 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                those 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                his 
                                                                                                                own 
                                                                                                                home. 
                                                                                                                Then 
                                                                                                                he 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                tear 
                                                                                                                down 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                house 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                build 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                castle. 
                                                                                                                Your 
                                                                                                                creation 
                                                                                                                now 
                                                                                                                acts 
                                                                                                                as 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                mind 
                                                                                                                outlet, 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                which 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                mind 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                test 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                limits 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                physics 
                                                                                                                applies 
                                                                                                                on 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                blocks. 
                                                                                                                And 
                                                                                                                so, 
                                                                                                                you 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                learn 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                surroundings 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                alter 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                designs 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                accommodate 
                                                                                                                them. 
                                                                                                                At 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                young 
                                                                                                                age, 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                world 
                                                                                                                has 
                                                                                                                already 
                                                                                                                begun 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                impose 
                                                                                                                its 
                                                                                                                limitations 
                                                                                                                upon 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                ability 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                wonder.
 
 As 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                natural, 
                                                                                                                before 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                delve 
                                                                                                                into 
                                                                                                                any 
                                                                                                                subject 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                must 
                                                                                                                specify 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                premises 
                                                                                                                upon 
                                                                                                                which 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                base 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                assumptions. 
                                                                                                                In 
                                                                                                                his 
                                                                                                                writings 
                                                                                                                Henry 
                                                                                                                Kissinger 
                                                                                                                provides 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                brilliant 
                                                                                                                definition 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                evolution 
                                                                                                                applied 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                masses 
                                                                                                                as 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                whole:
 Evolution 
                                                                                                                proceeds 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                straight 
                                                                                                                line 
                                                                                                                but 
                                                                                                                through 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                series 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                complicated 
                                                                                                                variations. 
                                                                                                                At 
                                                                                                                every 
                                                                                                                step 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                road 
                                                                                                                there 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                turns 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                forks, 
                                                                                                                which 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                taken 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                better 
                                                                                                                or 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                worse. 
                                                                                                                The 
                                                                                                                conditions 
                                                                                                                governing 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                decision 
                                                                                                                may 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                most 
                                                                                                                delicate 
                                                                                                                shading. 
                                                                                                                The 
                                                                                                                choice 
                                                                                                                may 
                                                                                                                appear 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                retrospect 
                                                                                                                nearly 
                                                                                                                random 
                                                                                                                or 
                                                                                                                else 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                only 
                                                                                                                option 
                                                                                                                possible 
                                                                                                                under 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                prevailing 
                                                                                                                circumstances. 
                                                                                                                In 
                                                                                                                either 
                                                                                                                case, 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                result 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                interaction 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                whole 
                                                                                                                sum 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                previous 
                                                                                                                turnings--reflecting 
                                                                                                                history 
                                                                                                                or 
                                                                                                                traditional 
                                                                                                                values--plus 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                immediate 
                                                                                                                pressures 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                need 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                survival.
 
 To 
                                                                                                                understand 
                                                                                                                how 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                evolved 
                                                                                                                during 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                past 
                                                                                                                few 
                                                                                                                millennia, 
                                                                                                                first 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                must 
                                                                                                                understand 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                Principle 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                governs 
                                                                                                                man's 
                                                                                                                behaviour. 
                                                                                                                Secondly, 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                must 
                                                                                                                look 
                                                                                                                at 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                timeline. 
                                                                                                                We 
                                                                                                                must 
                                                                                                                look 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                past 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                understand 
                                                                                                                why 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                exist 
                                                                                                                as 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                do, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                why 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                times 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                led 
                                                                                                                us 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                state 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                reside 
                                                                                                                in.
 
 Mankind 
                                                                                                                sees 
                                                                                                                itself 
                                                                                                                as 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                force 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                governs 
                                                                                                                nature. 
                                                                                                                We 
                                                                                                                believe 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                science 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                knowledge 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                made 
                                                                                                                us 
                                                                                                                kings 
                                                                                                                over 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                very 
                                                                                                                land 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                feeds 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                nurtures 
                                                                                                                us, 
                                                                                                                but 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                fact 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                man 
                                                                                                                could 
                                                                                                                even 
                                                                                                                consider 
                                                                                                                himself 
                                                                                                                above 
                                                                                                                nature 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                proof 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                his 
                                                                                                                inferiority.
 
 Nature 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                kind 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                us, 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                supports 
                                                                                                                us 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                asks 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                nothing 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                return, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                yet 
                                                                                                                man 
                                                                                                                belittles 
                                                                                                                this 
                                                                                                                great 
                                                                                                                service 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                refuses 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                offer 
                                                                                                                decency 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                kindness 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                which 
                                                                                                                has 
                                                                                                                kept 
                                                                                                                us 
                                                                                                                warm 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                fed 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                many 
                                                                                                                millennia. 
                                                                                                                Nature 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                embodied 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                trees, 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                meadows, 
                                                                                                                or 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                organisms. 
                                                                                                                Nature 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                equilibrium. 
                                                                                                                It 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                sum 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                fire 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                water. 
                                                                                                                It 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                force 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                breeds 
                                                                                                                life 
                                                                                                                from 
                                                                                                                death. 
                                                                                                                It 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                Immortal 
                                                                                                                beauty 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                never 
                                                                                                                see, 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                age 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                pass 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                endure 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                or 
                                                                                                                without 
                                                                                                                men. 
                                                                                                                And 
                                                                                                                yet 
                                                                                                                man 
                                                                                                                assumes 
                                                                                                                himself 
                                                                                                                king 
                                                                                                                over 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                force 
                                                                                                                he 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                even 
                                                                                                                outlive. 
                                                                                                                The 
                                                                                                                teachings 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                Native 
                                                                                                                Americans 
                                                                                                                speak 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                harmony 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                nature, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                returning 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                kindness 
                                                                                                                presented 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                us 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                own. 
                                                                                                                Those 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                women 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                now 
                                                                                                                consider 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                illiterates 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                naïve, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                yet 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                find 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                knowledge 
                                                                                                                they 
                                                                                                                possess 
                                                                                                                far 
                                                                                                                eclipses 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                "learned". 
                                                                                                                For 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                minds 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                these 
                                                                                                                people 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                limited 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                text 
                                                                                                                books 
                                                                                                                or 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                laws 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                physics, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                other 
                                                                                                                fancy 
                                                                                                                laws 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                fabricated. 
                                                                                                                They 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                limited 
                                                                                                                only 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                nature, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                nature 
                                                                                                                extends 
                                                                                                                even 
                                                                                                                beyond 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                universe.
 
 The 
                                                                                                                extent 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                man's 
                                                                                                                evolution/degradation, 
                                                                                                                becomes 
                                                                                                                quite 
                                                                                                                evident 
                                                                                                                when 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                observe 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                process 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                which 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                now 
                                                                                                                handle 
                                                                                                                crises. 
                                                                                                                Take 
                                                                                                                Global 
                                                                                                                Warming, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                observe 
                                                                                                                how 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                dealt 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                problem. 
                                                                                                                We 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                spent 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                last 
                                                                                                                20 
                                                                                                                years 
                                                                                                                trying 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                stop 
                                                                                                                what 
                                                                                                                can 
                                                                                                                only 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                reversed. 
                                                                                                                When 
                                                                                                                an 
                                                                                                                army 
                                                                                                                invades 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                territory, 
                                                                                                                you 
                                                                                                                cannot 
                                                                                                                hide 
                                                                                                                behind 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                walls, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                simply 
                                                                                                                spread 
                                                                                                                word 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                imminent 
                                                                                                                doom. 
                                                                                                                You 
                                                                                                                must 
                                                                                                                rally 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                hold 
                                                                                                                your 
                                                                                                                ground 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                strike 
                                                                                                                back 
                                                                                                                where 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                necessary. 
                                                                                                                This 
                                                                                                                was 
                                                                                                                how 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                old 
                                                                                                                dealt 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                problems: 
                                                                                                                they 
                                                                                                                fought 
                                                                                                                back. 
                                                                                                                Now 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                need 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                refer 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                law, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                governments 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                tell 
                                                                                                                us 
                                                                                                                what 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                do 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                when 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                do 
                                                                                                                it. 
                                                                                                                Well 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                time 
                                                                                                                these 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                decide 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                save 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                planet, 
                                                                                                                there 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                one 
                                                                                                                left 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                save. 
                                                                                                                Global 
                                                                                                                Warming 
                                                                                                                can 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                solved 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                weeks, 
                                                                                                                but 
                                                                                                                governments 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                businesses 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                commit 
                                                                                                                their 
                                                                                                                resources 
                                                                                                                simply 
                                                                                                                because 
                                                                                                                this 
                                                                                                                does 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                generate 
                                                                                                                revenue. 
                                                                                                                This 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                how 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                evolved. 
                                                                                                                From 
                                                                                                                men 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                women 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                iron, 
                                                                                                                steel, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                conviction, 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                born 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                cowards 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                call 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                leaders.
 Men 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                weak, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                strength 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                only 
                                                                                                                come 
                                                                                                                from 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                acceptance 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                this 
                                                                                                                inevitable 
                                                                                                                reality. 
                                                                                                               All 
                                                                                                                around 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                world 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                Paris, 
                                                                                                                Rome, 
                                                                                                                London, 
                                                                                                                Athens, 
                                                                                                                Damascus, 
                                                                                                                Jerusalem, 
                                                                                                                Madrid, 
                                                                                                                you 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                find 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                remnants 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                Golden 
                                                                                                                Age. 
                                                                                                                Many 
                                                                                                                would 
                                                                                                                assume 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                21st 
                                                                                                                century 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                golden 
                                                                                                                age, 
                                                                                                                but 
                                                                                                                I 
                                                                                                                say 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                those 
                                                                                                                people, 
                                                                                                                look 
                                                                                                                around 
                                                                                                                you. 
                                                                                                                No 
                                                                                                                one 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                happy, 
                                                                                                                no 
                                                                                                                one 
                                                                                                                lives 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                purpose, 
                                                                                                                no 
                                                                                                                one 
                                                                                                                holds 
                                                                                                                true 
                                                                                                                power, 
                                                                                                                justice 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                now 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                foreign 
                                                                                                                concept, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                masses 
                                                                                                                simply 
                                                                                                                do 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                care 
                                                                                                                anymore. 
                                                                                                                The 
                                                                                                                average 
                                                                                                                American, 
                                                                                                                citizen 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                "greatest 
                                                                                                                county 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                world", 
                                                                                                                spends 
                                                                                                                his 
                                                                                                                entire 
                                                                                                                life 
                                                                                                                sealing 
                                                                                                                his 
                                                                                                                debts, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                so 
                                                                                                                instead 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                being 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                productive 
                                                                                                                entity, 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                man 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                now 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                simple 
                                                                                                                number 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                added 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                yearly 
                                                                                                                statistics. 
                                                                                                                Every 
                                                                                                                man, 
                                                                                                                woman, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                child 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                owned 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                some 
                                                                                                                distant 
                                                                                                                power, 
                                                                                                                slaves 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                power's 
                                                                                                                bidding. 
                                                                                                                In 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                few 
                                                                                                                words 
                                                                                                                George 
                                                                                                                Orwell 
                                                                                                                describes 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                "Golden 
                                                                                                                Age"
 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                  | War 
                                                                                                                      is 
                                                                                                                      PeaceFreedom 
                                                                                                                      is 
                                                                                                                      Slavery
 Ignorance 
                                                                                                                      is 
                                                                                                                      Strength
 |  This 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                how 
                                                                                                                man 
                                                                                                                has 
                                                                                                                evolved. 
                                                                                                                From 
                                                                                                                civilizations 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                could 
                                                                                                                build 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                pyramids, 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                generations 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                struggle 
                                                                                                                with 
                                                                                                                thought. 
                                                                                                                Instead 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                increasing 
                                                                                                                his 
                                                                                                                capacity 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                wonder 
                                                                                                                all 
                                                                                                                man 
                                                                                                                has 
                                                                                                                done 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                drive 
                                                                                                                himself 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                time 
                                                                                                                in 
                                                                                                                which 
                                                                                                                nothing 
                                                                                                                matters. 
                                                                                                                As 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                acquired 
                                                                                                                more 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                more 
                                                                                                                knowledge 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                minds 
                                                                                                                became 
                                                                                                                subject 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                more 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                more 
                                                                                                                restrictions. 
                                                                                                                Many 
                                                                                                                historians 
                                                                                                                point 
                                                                                                                out 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                fact 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                pyramids 
                                                                                                                could 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                have 
                                                                                                                been 
                                                                                                                built 
                                                                                                                by 
                                                                                                                such 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                primitive 
                                                                                                                capacity 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                tools. 
                                                                                                                Here, 
                                                                                                                Ignorance 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                limits 
                                                                                                                turned 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                strength. 
                                                                                                                Evolution 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                knowledge 
                                                                                                                lead 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                greatness 
                                                                                                                when 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                as 
                                                                                                                a 
                                                                                                                race 
                                                                                                                take 
                                                                                                                right 
                                                                                                                decisions, 
                                                                                                                and 
                                                                                                                when 
                                                                                                                we 
                                                                                                                are 
                                                                                                                prepared 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                accept 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                consequences 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                our 
                                                                                                                decisions. 
                                                                                                                Our 
                                                                                                                actions 
                                                                                                                must 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                directed 
                                                                                                                toward 
                                                                                                                certain 
                                                                                                                objectives, 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                greatest 
                                                                                                                strategic 
                                                                                                                blunder 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                move 
                                                                                                                simply 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                sake 
                                                                                                                of 
                                                                                                                moving. 
                                                                                                                Life 
                                                                                                                was 
                                                                                                                bestowed 
                                                                                                                upon 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                human 
                                                                                                                race 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                so 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                may 
                                                                                                                squander 
                                                                                                                it, 
                                                                                                                but 
                                                                                                                so 
                                                                                                                that 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                may 
                                                                                                                use 
                                                                                                                it 
                                                                                                                to 
                                                                                                                unleash 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                power 
                                                                                                                bestowed 
                                                                                                                upon 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                human 
                                                                                                                mind.  
                                                                                                                "If 
                                                                                                                at 
                                                                                                                first 
                                                                                                                the 
                                                                                                                idea 
                                                                                                                is 
                                                                                                                not 
                                                                                                                absurd, 
                                                                                                                then 
                                                                                                                there 
                                                                                                                will 
                                                                                                                be 
                                                                                                                no 
                                                                                                                hope 
                                                                                                                for 
                                                                                                                it." 
                                                                                                                A. 
                                                                                                                Einstein. |  |   
                        | ................................................................................................................. 
                              |   
                        |  |  |