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January 2021 -
Volume 19, Issue 1


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From the Editor

Editorial
A. Abyad (Chief Editor)
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Original contribution

Perception of Saudi Older Adults about Themselves and their Health in Makkah Region
Mohammed Abdulrahman Basheikh, Faisal I. Abosoudah, Mohammed Abdulatif Basheikh, Abdulraheem Adnan Almokhtar, Fahad A. Alzahrani, Mohammed A. Bashanfar
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93943

Depression, anxiety, stress and its determinant factors, among adult population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Fathi M. El-Gamal, Hussain M. Nadhrah, Abdulrahman A. Abdulghani, Mohammed Alasmari, Khaled S. Alomari, Abdulrahman M. Abdulghani, Abdullah Alghamdi
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93944

Awareness of the Effects of Combining Smoking and Oral Contraceptives on Cardiovascular Health among Saudi Working Women
Faisal Alzeer, Faisal Alyahya, Majed Alzharan, Mohammed AlGhamdi, Abdulaziz AlMotairi, Rakan AlQahtani, Abdulaziz H. Alzeer
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93945

Public Awareness Regarding Antihistamines and their Prescription in Primary Health Care Centres in Abha City
Majed Mohammad AL Saleh, Maram Ayed Alshahrani, Raghad Ali Alshehri, Atheer Sultan Alqurashi
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93946

Impact of Using Social Media on Mental Health among University Medical Students in Abha City, Southern Saudi Arabia
Afnan Mastour Alammar, Safar Abadi Al Saleem, Abdulaziz Mohammad Al-Garni, Razan Saeed Alalammar, Razan suliman alhumayed
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93947

Assessment of quality of life among medical interns in Saudi Arabia
Lotfi F. Issa, Mohammed M. Alattas, Hassan A. Alshamrani, Abdulrahman H. Alhazmi, Wedd Khalid Alharthi
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93948

Impact of age on the clinical aspects and management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, among adults in Saudi Arabia
Fathi M. El-Gamal, Saleh Alturkistani, Anmar Alkindy, Ahmed Abdulqader, Ali Alnashri, Abeer Alnashri
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93949

The Effect of obesity stigma on obese people, Saudi Arabia, 2020
Rehab Alenazy, Abdullah Almutairi
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93950

The Association between Short Inter-Pregnancy Interval and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Saudi Arabia, Taif City, 2019: A case-control study
Ameerah S. Bajaber, Hashem Bukhary, Afnan K. Sibyani, Eid H. Alshahrani, Tasneem H. Hassan, Nojood A. Althomali
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93951

The effect of BMI and glycemic control on S. potassium and S. calcium Disturbances among Diabetic Patients in Salah Al-Deen General Hospital
Mohammed Khalil Ibraheem, Zaidan Jayed Zaidan
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93952

The effect of diabetic control on serum sodium disturbances in Salah Al-Deen general hospital
Mohammed Khalil Ibraheem, Zaidan Jayed Zaidan
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93953

Are Pakistani mothers aware of the Child Safety Measures? A Cross sectional study
Tabinda Ashfaq, Aiesha Ishaq, Faisal Shahzad, Muhammad Abu Bakar, Fahad Saleem
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93954

Becker nevi among patients in Aden, Yemen
Asia Hassan Abdulla Saleh, Amer Omer Bin Al-Zou, Lina Ali Muthanna
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93955

Novel COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Global Health Care Providers
Nazish Jaffar, Amna Khan, Kiran Abbas, Aliya Jafri, Sarmad Jamal Siddiqui, Vinita Kumari
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93956

Does measles immunization lead to immunization for COVID-19? Case series
Mehmet Husamettin Akkucuk, Nalan Akalin, Betul Gulalp
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93957

To What Extent Are Medical Students Benefiting From Mentoring
Saeed Saleh Alqahtani, Awad Saeed Al-Samghan, Abdulaziz Saad Alshahrani, Yassir Edrees Almalki, Eisa Yazeed Ghazwani, Mohammed Amanullah, Ayed A. Shati
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93958

Burnout among Turkish Physicians: A Systematic Review
Aydin Toktamis, M. Hüsamettin Akküçük
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93959

Islamic Religion and Psychoanalysis: An Overview
Saleha Al-Jadidi
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93960

Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Management in Primary Care - To treat or not to treat?
Sanjeewa Sumathipala
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93962


Hip Position during Common Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercises Effects Gluteal Electromyographic Activity: A Systematic Review
Maha H. Alnaemi, Hanaa I. Alkuwari, Sahar S. Almarri, Sherlyn Myka S. Balista
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93964

Knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic retinopathy care and prevention among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review
Abdullah S. Alqahtani, Hams A. AlamriAlmoayad M. Makrami, Faizah S. Alyahyawi, Ayah A. Aloufi, Awatef A. Alnami, Atyaf A. Bakri, Fatimah A.Al- Zaher, Fatimah A. Busayli, Rihanah F. ALshahrani
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93965

Original Research

Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Its Associated Risk Factors among Female Nurses Working in a tertiary hospital in Dhahran , Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Rasha H. Alziyadi, Mohamed H. Elgezery, Reham H. Alziyadi
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93967

Nutritional supplements and hormonal use among Gym exercisers in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia
Fathi M. El-Gamal , AbdulKareem S. Fatani, Mohammed M. Mubarak, Zain H. Khan, Sahal A. Alardhawy, Abdullah M. Alqahtani
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93968

Prevalence and prognosis of ABO blood groups among COVID-19 patients at KAUH, Jeddah
Mawaddah F. Batwa, Wafa M. Alghamdi, Ghada T. Kersh, Fatima A. Algethmi, Ebtihaj A. Al-Amoudi, Mona A. Alfares
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93969

Prevalence, risk factors, and types of urinary incontinence among females: A cross sectional study
Amena Ali, Nouf Abdullah Saleh Almasabi, Shrooq Thaiban Alkhaldi, Amaal Mastour Altowairqi, Sahar Rajaallah Aljumayi, Ahmed Salah Eldalo, Abuzer Ali
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93970

Knowledge and Awareness of Parents about pediatric obstructive sleep apnea in KSA, cross-section study, 2019
Amna F. Bashir, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Atheer Saleh Alsaadi, Bashaier G. AlQahtani, Suzan Awad Alshihri, Hanan A. Alshahrani, Haif Fahad Alshareef
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93971

Risk factors for hypothyroidism in Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Eid M. Mahfouz Renad A. Altowairqi, Raghad N. Alfeer, Elaf K. Alghamdi, Ghaida M. Alnofaei , Reham H. Alziyadi
[pdf]
[Abstract]
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93972


Middle East Quality Improvement Program
(MEQUIP QI&CPD)

Chief Editor -
Abdulrazak Abyad MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
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Editorial Office -
Abyad Medical Center & Middle East Longevity Institute
Azmi Street, Abdo Center,
PO BOX 618
Tripoli, Lebanon
Phone: (961) 6-443684
Fax:     (961) 6-443685
Email: aabyad@cyberia.net.lb
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Publisher -
Lesley Pocock
medi+WORLD International
AUSTRALIA
Email: lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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Editorial Enquiries -
abyad@cyberia.net.lb
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The contents of this journal are copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act, no part of this program may be reproduced without the permission of the publisher.
January 2021 - Volume 19, Issue 1

The effect of BMI and glycemic control on S. potassium and S. calcium Disturbances among Diabetic Patients in Salah
Al-Deen General Hospital

Mohammed Khalil Ibraheem (1)
Zaidan Jayed Zaidan (2)

(1) M.B.Ch.B, High Diploma in medicine, Salahadeen health directorate
(2) MBChB, F.I.C.M.S, Department of medicine, College of Medicine, Tikrit University

Corresponding author:
Mohammed Khalil Ibraheem
Salahadeen health directorate, Salahadeen, Iraq
Email: mk9758817@gmail.com

Received: November 2020; Accepted: December 2020; Published: January 1, 2021. Citation: Mohammed Khalil Ibraheem, Zaidan Jayed Zaidan. The effect of BMI and glycemic control on S. potassium and S. calcium Disturbances among Diabetic Patients in Salah Al-Deen General Hospital. World Family Medicine. 2021; 19(1): 85-90 DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93952

Abstract


Background: Diabetes is endemic in Iraq with changeable prevalence in the last three decades and the sedentary lifestyle and westernization of dietary habits are also potentiating mortality and disability adjusted life years of diabetes mellitus in Iraq. The electrolyte disturbances among Iraqi Type 2 DM patients were frequent and correlated with poor glycemic control and abnormal lipid profile. Type 2 DM as a rule coincides with different parts of metabolic disorder, for example, high body mass index (BMI). High BMI is an indicator of a beginning of Type 2 DM in elderly age adult’s 65–96 years. This study aims at evaluation of the effect of body mass index (BMI) on serum electrolyte disturbances in diabetic patients.

Patients and Methods: This study is a descriptive case control study conducted in Consultancy Clinics of Salah Al-Deen General hospital in Tikrit city through the period from 1st October 2017 to end of 2018. A convenient sample of 100 diabetic patients was compared with 100 healthy controls. The researcher measured the body weight for both groups using Seca scale instrument; the Body Mass Index was calculated for each subject. A sample of 5 ml of venous blood was collected by non-tourniquet method from diabetics and controls, and then 1 ml of blood was taken for EDTA tube for HbA1c. Four ml of blood was centrifuged for 10 minutes to take 1 ml of serum from the sample and taken to incubator for 20 minutes after adding some reagents to serum and reading results by spectrophotometer.

Results: Mean BMI of diabetic patients was 28.1±4.4 Kg/m2. Mean HbA1c level was significantly higher among diabetic patients (8.1±1.7) than the controls (4.4±0.5). Studying the serum electrolytes of diabetic patients showed that Mean serum potassium of diabetic patients was 3.9±0.5 mmol/L; 17% of patients had low serum potassium level. Mean serum calcium of diabetic patients was 9.1±0.6 mg/dl; 78% of them had low serum calcium level.

Conclusions: Concerning the result of this study, the following conclusions are obtained: hypocalcaemia is a frequent clinical issue of type 2 DM patients. Serum calcium of type 2 DM patients is more likely to be inversely related with body mass index of the patients. No significant differences were observed between diabetic patients and healthy controls regarding serum potassium level.

Key words: S. potassium, S. Calcium, DM, BMI

 







 


 
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