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November 2021 -
Volume 19, Issue 11


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From the Editor

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic ketoacidosis among Patients Living with Type 1 Diabetes in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Raghad Alhajaji, Khalid Almasodi, Afaf Alhajaji, Ahmad Alturkstani, Mayada Samkari
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94154

Gender differences of the clinical aspects and complication risks of diabetes mellitus among outpatient clinic visits, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Fathi El-Gamal, Abdulrahim Aljudaibi, Ahmed Alzahrani,
Layla Alharthy, Turki Huwait
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94155

Prevention of developmental delays among children at public healthcare facilities of Pakistan: protocol for a cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Nida Khan, Muhammad Amir Khan, Muhammad Ahmar Khan, Amna Ejaz, Azza Warraitch, Haroon Jehangir Khan
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94156

A retrospective study of thyroid hormone in Pediatrics: relationships with growth hormone correlation with effects of diabetes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Faisal Mujeb Alshareef, Abdullah Hamad Alfaris, Nouryah Abdulaziz Alhafez, Alanoud Saleh Albuloshi, Abdulaziz Mshaal Aljuhni, Khalid Abdulrahman Almahmoud, Majed Abdulaziz Almajdui,
Khalid Ebrahim Alswayed, Saad Ibrahim Alghuraybi, Saleh Abdulmoneim Alomary, Abdullah Ahmad Alkhudher, Faisal Turki G Alharbi, Mohammed Ahmed Almuhanna, Musaad Abdulaziz Alrashod,
Khalid Ahmed Aljasser
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94157

Regional Covid

Impact of COVID-19 on patients receiving chemotherapy for gynecological cancer
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mahmoud N. Andijani, Ahmad O. Alibrahim, Sheren F. Tmraz, Lamees F. ALshenqity, Abdulaziz S. Alaama, Bayan A. Zaatari, Nisreen M. Anfinan, Khalid H. Sait
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94158

Immune system response to the Covid 19 virus and 3rd boosters
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mark Spigelman
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94159

Impact of Covid-19 on asthmatic patients in Western region in Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Abdulrhman Nasser Zaher Alghamdi, Amal Mohammed Albaqami, Areej Mohammed Abdullah,
Doha Abdulrahmman Alsukhayri, Hamad Albulrahman Alawi, Ameera Saeed Baabbad
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94161

Population and Community Studies

Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness towards Corneal Donation in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-Amri, Faisal Misfer Alqahtani, Hassan Abdullah Alqahtani, Mansour Salem Alqahtani, Mohammed Moshabbab Alqahtani, Musaad Abdulrhman Al Shibli,
Riyad Ali Almastour, Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-Amri
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94162

Comparison of Body Image Perception and Depression in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and Non-PCOS Women
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Sassi Kanwal, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Fatima Abid, Aliya Jafri, Fatima Hasan Kazmi, Nargis Fatima
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94163

Factors Associated with Not Continuing Initiated Breastfeeding among Saudi Females in Abha
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Yasmin Taha Mandoura, Majed Alsaleh, Safar Abadi Al-Saleem
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94164

Education and Training

Does test anxiety and gender have an impact on OSCE Performance among medical students?
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Farzana Rizwan Arain
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94165

Reviews

Clinical Efficacy and Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Inclisiran
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Muhammad Danial bin Daud
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94166

Malignant Melanoma
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mazin Abdalla
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94167

Non-surgical options to treat androgenic alopecia
[Abstract]
[pdf]

Mazin Abdalla
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94168
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Middle East Quality Improvement Program
(MEQUIP QI&CPD)


Chief Editor -
Abdulrazak Abyad MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE

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Publisher -
Lesley Pocock
medi+WORLD International
AUSTRALIA
Email
: lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
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abyad@cyberia.net.lb
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The contents of this journal are copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act, no part of this program may be reproduced without the permission of the publisher.

 

   
November 2021 - Volume 19, Issue 11

Gender differences of the clinical aspects and complication risks of diabetes mellitus among outpatient clinic visits, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract


Background: Gender differences are important in epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcomes in Type 2 DM,

Objectives: To study gender differences of the burden of type 2 diabetes and complication risk among Saudi subjects visiting the outpatient clinics.

Subjects and methods: A cross sectional study, including 2501 patients, who visited the outpatient clinics at two private general hospitals in Jeddah during the years 2018 through to 2019. All patients were examined and diagnosed by specialists.

Data were collected using check list form to obtain personal characteristics and area of residence; vital signs, anthropometric measurements, clinical characteristics and outcome of the visits. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 23 (IBM), was used. Chi square, and logistic regression tests were used. OR, and 95% IC were used to describe the relationships. Level of significance was 0.05.

Results: Out of all the visits to the outpatient clinics, DM constituted 5.5%. Type 2 DM was common in those aged 40 years and above, while Type 1 DM was common in those aged 18 years and younger. Males were at 1.7 times more likely to develop DM compared to females (OR 1.715; 95% CI: 1.146, 2.257, p <0.009). The males with T2DM had significantly more frequent edema of the lower limbs compared to the females. Polyuria was the most common symptom, while HBA1C and FBS were the most common investigations ordered, and Biguanides and sulfonylurea and insulin were the common treatment prescribed. These were similar in both the males and females. Hypertension (22%), IHD (6%), and dyslipidemia (6%) were encountered among patients with T2DM; however, these CVDs were similar in the males and females.

Conclusion: DM is a common chronic disorder, which imposes burden on the primary health care in Saudi Arabia. It is more common in males than females, however, the pattern of cardiovascular complications and health care management were similar in both genders.

Key words: DM, Gender, outpatient clinics, Saudi Arabia,







 


 

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