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December 2021 -
Volume 19, Issue 12


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From the Editor

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Knowledge around back pain and spinal disorders among Aseer patients: A cross sectional study
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Ibrahim Alburaidi, Saleh Saeed AlQahtani, Fahad mohammed saran, Zuhair Abshan Alshehri,
Rayan Dulaym Dashnan, Sultan Abdullah Al Mansour, Faisal al-Jahami, Shaker Alshehri,
Hani Fayez Ahmed Alasmari, Jamal Saad Saeed Alqahtani, Meshari Shar Alshehri
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94171

Environmental Triggers in Migraine patients in Riyadh: A Cross-Sectional Study
[Abstract]

[pdf]
Awad Al Harbi, Nada Hussain Alzahrani, Hanan Abdulkarim Alsuhibany, Manal Abdullah Al-Dosari, Reeman Salman Alsalman, Alanoud Abdulaziz Alkhalifah (2)
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94172

Job Satisfaction among Primary Health Care Workers in Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Entisar AlJumail, Unaib Rabbani
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94173

Barriers to Compliance of Hypertensive Patients in Abha City, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Alhussein Ali Almonawar, Ali Saeed Alasmary, Mohammed Mabkhoot Mogbel,
Hassan Mussa Almojamad
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94177

Disappearance of hepatitis C virus antibodies with hydroxyurea therapy in sickle cell diseases
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Engin Altintas, Atilla Yalcin, Orhan Ekrem Muftuoglu, Abdulrazak Abyad, Lesley Pocock
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94177

School Teachers' Knowledge and Attitude toward School Students with Epilepsy
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Rawan S. AlSuqair,Mohrah A. Alyabis,Marwa A. Algadi, Asmaa Attieh, Labani A. Juha,
Rama G. Alawa, Sarah G. Alghannam, Noora Z. Alsaadoon, Nervana A. Elsayed, Mona A. Alfadeel
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94183

Regional Covid

Increased Psychological Disorders among Pediatric Population during Covid
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Hamda Ahmed J H AlQaatri
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94174

Letter to the Editor
[pdf]
Mark Spigelman
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94192

Population and Community Studies

Patterns and determinants of Z score of Height for Age, Weight for Age and Weight for Height among Preschool children in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Fathi M. El-Gamal, Nuha Alsubhi, Shahd Badr, Nada Althaqafi, Fatima Al-Qadasi, Mariyam Hammed DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94179

Effectiveness of Community Mental Health Service in Oman: A Pilot Study
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Saleha Al-Jadidi, Ahmed. S. Aboalatta, Iman Al-Rahbi, Maryiam Al-Harrasi,
Hamood AlRauzaiqi, Musa Abu Sabeih, Thuraiya AlGammari, Ahmed Al-Shammakhi
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94180

Proton Pump Inhibitors Awareness among Physicians and Pharmacists in Primary Healthcare Centres in Abha, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Ibrahim Hasan Alasmari, Majed Mohammed AL Saleh, Majed Ali Alahmari, Sawsan Mohammad Asiri, Aljawhara Yahya Asiri
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94184

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Non-Psychiatric Physicians about Addiction
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Saeed M. Al-Ahmari, Ali A. Almusa, Ali A. Alshomrani, Waleed S.H. Al Ahmary,
Zahra S.A. Assiry, Suad M.S. Alqahtany, Ahmed Yahya Asiri, Turki Hassan Alqahtani,
Nasser Saeed Alassiri, Ossama A. Mostafa
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94185

Risk Factors for Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Type 1 Diabetic Children Registered at "Heraa Diabetes Center" in Makkah Al-Mokarramah City, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Waleed K. Ballaji, Hassan M. Hadadi
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94186

Physicians’ Perspectives of Barriers to Insulin Initiation for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs), Tabouk Province - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Sameh F. Ahmed, Ghurmallah A. Alghamdi, Amerah A. Albalawi, Majed S. Alqahtani, Ibrahim M. Ghonim, Hoda M. Elhady, Shimaa A. Abdelhamid, Abderahman A. Eldesouky
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94189

Review

Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogs in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Mostafa Hamdy Rashed, Tonbra Deborah Dauyoumor, Sarah Corney,
Kimberly Konono, Nadia Joubert, Marwa Mohamed, Michon Sukhoo-Pertab,
Mobowa Makhomisane, Irene Njeri, Julius Mwita, Mariam Sefen,
Khadija Mohamed, Nicolette Whiley
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94188

Diagnostic approach to eosinophilia in children
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Raghba Shasho
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94190

Original Clinical Research

Machine Learning in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and its applications in diagnosis and management: Undergraduates Perception toward New Era
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Saleh Abdulmoneim Alomary, Belal Abdullah Alorainy , Naif Saleh Albargan, Fahad Z. Alotaibi
Feras Alkholaiwi
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94191

Middle East Quality Improvement Program
(MEQUIP QI&CPD)


Chief Editor -
Abdulrazak Abyad MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE

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Publisher -
Lesley Pocock
medi+WORLD International
AUSTRALIA
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December 2021 - Volume 11, Issue 12

Patterns and determinants of Z score of Height for Age, Weight for Age and Weight for Height among Preschool children in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia

(1) Professor and chairman of the Department of Family Medicine, Ibn-Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, KSA
(2) Ibn-sina National College, Jeddah, KSA

Corresponding author:
Prof. Fathi M. El-Gamal, Department of Family Medicine,
Ibn Sina National College. Al Mahjer Street. Jeddah,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Tel: 6356555-6355882 / Fax: 6375344 – P.O. Box 31906 Jeddah 21418
Email: drfathimhelgamal1996@hotmail.com

Received: October 2021; Accepted: November 2021; Published: December 1, 2021.
Citation: Fathi M. El-Gamal et al. Patterns and determinants of Z score of Height for Age, Weight for Age and Weight for Height among Preschool children in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. World Family Medicine. 2021; 19(12): 62-68. DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94179

Abstract


Background: Stunted growth could lead to increased morbidity and mortality during childhood.

Objectives: To identify the major socio-demographic, and health risk factors of stunting in 2–6 years old Saudi children.

Design: Cross sectional study. Sampling and setting: It was a convenient sampling method, and was conducted at the outpatient clinics of two general hospitals in Jeddah city. Patients and methods: Total sample size was 748 preschool children. Data was collected on the children via personal questionnaire, ISAAC questionnaire on asthma and allergy in children, and anthropometric measurements. Indices for stunting (Height for age), underweight (weight for age), and wasting (weight for height) were compared to WHO reference values for normal children and Z scores for the indices were calculated. Multi-nominal Logistic regression and linear multiple regression were used. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The level of significance for this study was 0.05.

Results: Wasting was encountered among 3.11% of the children, while stunting was found among 22.91%, and underweight among 20.32% of the children. On the other hand overweight/obesity was found among 19.7% of the children. An obese child is 8 times more likely to be stunted (OR: 7.845; 95%CI: 4.103, 15.001), and child with under-weight was 17 times more likely to be stunted (OR: 16.782; 95%CI: 7.517, 37.470). Female child was less likely to be stunted compared to male (OR: 0.607; 95% CI: 0.374; 0.985, P < .043). Stunting was more common in early years of life (b=0.015). Short stature of the mother (b = 0.021), and decreased her BMI (b= 0.043) were significantly associated with stunting in their children (P < .05).

Conclusions: Male gender and very young age are significant risk factors of stunting. Double malnutrition was common among children with stunting. Hereditary may be an important determinant factor of stunting in children.

Key words: Malnutrition, Stunting, Children, Saudi Arabia.







 


 

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