JOURNAL
Current Issue
Journal Archive
.............................................................
December2022 -
Volume 20, Issue 12


View this issue in pdf format

........................................................
From the Editor

Editor
A. Abyad (Chief Editor)
Mobile: 961-3-201901
Email: amcmeli@gmail.com, aabyad@cyberia.net.lb

Publisher
Lesley Pocock
lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
publishermwi@gmail.com
........................................................

 

Editorial
Abdulrazak Abyad

Original Contribution

Knowledge and phobias about the use of topical corticosteroids among the Saudi population: A cross-sectional study
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Manar A. Alotaibi, Haifa A. Alotaibi, Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251401

Awareness of Nutritional Screening and Support Among surgeons
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Wesam M. Alsahafi, Ahmed F. Alajrafi, Assim A. Felemban,
Mohannad S. Hantoush, Abdulelah K. Bahabri, Abdullah A. Almohammadi
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251402

Emotional Intelligence and Burnout among Medical Students at a Public Saudi University
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman, Noura T. AlRowaitea, Lina Z. Alshalan,
Rawan A. Bayamin, Yara A. Alfraih, May S. Alharbi
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251403

Perspective of Evidence-Based Medicine among Egyptian Family Physicians in Egypt
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Hala Hussein, Mohamed Aladdin, Aly Shalaby
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251404

Type III Supracondylar humeral fracture in children treated by 3 lateral versus 2 cross K-wire fixation, Aden, Yemen
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Abdulsalam Abdullah Hadi Mohsen, Nazih Ali Abdulrahman Omer,
Mustafa Kamal Mustafa
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251405

Does the number of hours spent daily on social media have any correlation to the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms in Saudi Adults?
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Fahad A Alateeq, Waleed M Alhuzaim, Hamad N Alhamlan, Abdalaziz B Alyousef, Abdullah H Alorainy, Abdulmalik E Aldhafyan, Ahmed A Basendwah, Turki Y Alassaf
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251406

Regional COVID

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Makkah City's Health Programs Performance
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Ahmad Alturkstani, Raghad Alhajaji, Sari Ibrahim Asiri, Mayada Albarakati, Malaz Elbashir Ahmed, Mayada Samkari, Rami Al Amri, Samar Jalal,
Amal Habhab, Mohammed Almahmudi
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251407

Depression, Anxiety and Stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jazan city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Amal Jaber Alfaifi, Ahmed Yahia Abdaly, Sultan Musa Alallah, Maged El-Setouhy
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251408

Population and Community Studies

Awareness of cardiovascular diseases and their associated risk factors among the general population in Hail city, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Kareemah Salem Alshurtan, Alazmmy Abdullaziz Hamed H, Abdulrahman Saleh Hussain Alasiri, Mohammed Rubayyi Alruwaytie,
Alshammari Hamad Ali H, Salman Sayah Alonazi, Alanazi Abdullah Aziz S,
Mohammad Ayedh Ali Alswaidan, Alamri Rayan Mohammed B,
Altarjami Mohammed Hamed S
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251411

Prevalence and Awareness of Varicose Veins (VV) among Teachers and the General Population of Taif City, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Nawaf K. Althobaiti, Bashir A. Amin, Sultan M. Alzahrani, Abdulrahman D. Alhamyani, Abdulrahman M. Alamri, Khalid M. Alzahrani
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251414

Awareness of cast complications among fracture patients in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Turki Ahmed Alqahtani, Sultan Mohammed Abdullah Alkorbi,
Abdulrahman Nasser Alqahtani, Bandar Mohammed Mushabbab Asiri,
Abdulaziz Saad Mohammed Alshahrani, Hassan Adel Hassan Alasiri,
Abdulelah Gasem Yahya Alfaifi
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251416

Review

Progesterone Aids in Alleviation of Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms: A Systematic Review
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Hijab Zafar, Maria Binte Sarfraz, Muhammad Mazhar, Saman Fatima,
Muhammad Zain ul Hasan, Arsalan Rasheed, Wasif Safdar, Humna Khali,
Madiha Arif
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251476

Can Probiotics be used as an adjuvant thereby for diabetes - hope or hype? Narrative review of the literature
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Mohammed Alfawaz, Wafi Almutawa, Fawaz Abdullah M Alfawaz, Ali M. Almutawa
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251477

Original Clinical Research

Perspective of caregivers towards early signs of memory decline in their elderly relatives among the Saudi population
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Walid alkeridy, Taim Muayqil, Ahmed Shawky mohammedin, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhayssoni, Mohammed mubarak alswoaiegh, Abdulrahman Abdullah Altalasi, Rayan Abdulrahman bin Muneef, Saad Ahmed Alhaddab
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251478

Awareness of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Among Medical Students in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Shehata Farag Shehata, Saeed Ali Alqarni, Saud Muhammed ayyashi, Mohammed Saeed ALmsodi, Bader Saad Alshahrani, Salem Hassan Alshehri, Saeed Mofareh Alshehri, Mohammed Hassan Alshehri
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251480

Impact of prolonged use of facemask in COVID-19 pandemic on the health of the population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Fathi El-Gamal, Hanan Alhazmi, Mohammad Jaad, Jayan Algarni, Mohammed Alnemary,
Abdullah Alzahrani
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251485

Case Report

Acute Hemolytic Anemia Following Semaglutide Injection: A Case Report
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Abdullah Khlofh Saleh, Majed Mohammed Al Saleh, Osama Abdulaziz Albaqar, Hanan Ali Mohmmed Khoziee, Abdullah Hassan Algarni, Adnan Saleh Alghamdi, Nasser Khalil Albaqqar
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251483

Faculty Development

Family Members Involvement in Patient Care: Are They Invited?
[Abstract]
[pdf]
Yahia A Alghtanie, Abdallah M Alasmari, Saleh H Alomeer, Khalid S Alqahtani, Abdulaziz Gaber Alshehri, Abdulrahman Albukhodaah
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251484

..................................................................................

Middle East Quality Improvement Program
(MEQUIP QI&CPD)

Chief Editor -
Abdulrazak Abyad MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
.........................................................

Editorial Office -
Abyad Medical Center & Middle East Longevity Institute
Azmi Street, Abdo Center,
PO BOX 618
Tripoli, Lebanon
Phone: (961) 6-443684
Fax:     (961) 6-443685
Email: aabyad@cyberia.net.lb
.........................................................

Publisher -
Lesley Pocock
medi+WORLD International
AUSTRALIA
Email: lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
.........................................................

Editorial Enquiries -
abyad@cyberia.net.lb
.........................................................

Advertising Enquiries -
lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
.........................................................

While all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this journal, opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Publishers, Editor or the Editorial Board. The publishers, Editor and Editorial Board cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal; or the views and opinions expressed. Publication of any advertisements does not constitute any endorsement by the Publishers and Editors of the product advertised.

The contents of this journal are copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act, no part of this program may be reproduced without the permission of the publisher.
   
December 2022 - Volume 20, Issue 12

Progesterone Aids in Alleviation of Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Hijab Zafar (1), Maria Binte Sarfraz (2), Muhammad Mazhar (3), Saman Fatima (4), Muhammad Zain ul Hasan (5), Arsalan Rasheed (6), Wasif Safdar (7), Humna Khalid (8),
Madiha Arif (9)

(1) Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
(2) Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
(3) Assistant Professor Pathology (Microbiology) in the department of Pathology, Loralai Medical College, Loralai, Pakistan
(4) Department of Medical Education, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
(5) Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
(6) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
(7) Department of Internal Medicine, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan (8) Department of Dermatology, Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
(9) Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

Corresponding author:
Arsalan Rasheed
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences,
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,
Pakistan
Email: arsalanrrasheed@gmail.com
ORCID 0000-0001-8576-9289

Received: October 2022 Accepted: November 2022; Published: December 1, 2022. Citation: Zafar et al. Progesterone Aids in Alleviation of Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms: A Systematic Review.
World Family Medicine. 2022; 20(12): 97-108. DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2022.95251476

Abstract


Background: A systematic review of studies on progesterone’s usage in the cure of nicotine craving was undertaken. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that influences the reproductive system as well as -Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, glycine, kainite, and nicotinic receptors. It is thought that progesterone might help with nicotine withdrawal symptoms in addicted people.

Method: Two authors completed the literature search independently using the Boolean search approach and searching key terms (i.e. progesterone AND treat*, drug addiction AND withdrawal, smok*, nicotine), screened the title, abstract and full-text for data extraction during June 2021. A search in the PubMed, NIH, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases was performed. The review included seven (7) articles out of seventy-eight (78) downloaded articles that met the inclusion criteria. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS were used for statistical analysis.

Results: These studies included 147 males and 377 females, out of which 46 were pregnant. The average age ranged between 18 and 45 years. The participants included those who had smoked 10-25 cigarettes/day for a year. The carbon monoxide measuring over 10ppm signifies recent smoking was found in 10% (n=12) participants who were given 400mg progesterone, 11% (n=14) for the 200 mg progesterone, and 13% (n=16) for the placebo groups. The progesterone prescription of 400 mg/day was effective in decreasing cravings to smoke, while the 200 mg dose helped with improving cognitive performance. Females in the progesterone group exhibited significantly lower smoking craving scores than females in the placebo group. A significant difference has been observed in 7-day PPA at week 4 among women i.e. “PRO: 18 (35.3%) vs. PBO: 9 (17.3%), Odds Ratio: 2.61 (95% confidence interval) and p=0.041”, but not among men i.e. “PRO: 13 (23.2%) vs. PBO: 12 (21.1%), 1.13 (0.47, 2.76) and p=0.782”. There was some evidence that PRO delayed relapse in women (Days to Relapse; PRO: 20.5 ±29.6 vs. PBO: 14.3 ±26.8, p=0.03) but not in men (PRO: 13.4 ±25.9 vs. PBO: 13.3 ± 23.8, p=0.69). Nearly half of the females who smoke before pregnancy can quit smoking during pregnancy. However, 40-52% reverts within 2 weeks while 70-80% resumes smoking within a year of childbirth.

Conclusion: In the majority of instances, 200mg was administered, and favorable outcomes were obtained. Although there were no major side effects observed, a few moderate side effects such as breast tenderness were reported in a few individuals. As a result, progesterone therapy helps to alleviate nicotine withdrawal symptoms, lowers smoking intensity, and treats smoking addiction in both men and women.

Keywords: progesterone, prescription, treatment, drug addiction, withdrawal, smoking, nicotine







 


 
.................................................................................................................