From the Editor
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This is the second issue of the journal with focus on Iran a country with rich cultural heritage and recent academic advancement in all scientific fields. The papers in this issue focus on various topics of importance to the society. Nikfarjam M et al in a cross-sectional study, 160 students were assigned to two groups. The study was conducted to compare spiritual well-being and social health between the students attending group religious rituals and those attending individual religious rituals. The spiritual well-being and social health scores of group 2 was significantly higher than those of group 1 (p=0.001 and 0.002, respectively). The authors concluded that the mean scores for spiritual well-being and social health were higher in the group who attended group religious rituals.

Jahromi AS et al in a case-control study, anti-diphtheria toxin antibody concentration and serum ferritin levels were compared. The authors concluded that , patients with beta thalassemia major had lower anti-diphtheria antibody level than healthy subjects. Thus monitoring immunization status and recommendations for vaccine are essential for increased serum anti-diphtheria antibody concentration.

Erfanian S et al in a case-control study, 100 patients with a history of premature coronary artery diseases and 100 healthy control. The authors concluded that according to the results derived from this study, it seems like the existence of the genotype carrying the mutated allele (TC+CC) in rs1927911’s mononucleotide polymorphism of TLR gene is associated with an increased risk of premature myocardial infarction.

Rashnou, F et al. did a descriptive conventional content analysis approach. The authors concluded that nurses can help manage effective VAP through learning new and standard approaches to care delivery and adhering to standards of care.

Pooria, A, et al. compare postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery in two groups taking aspirin and aspirin plus CLS clopidogrel. The rate of postoperative bleeding in the clopidogrel plus aspirin group was higher than the rate in the aspirin group, but this difference was not significant (PV=0.067).

Jafrasteh A et al, conducted a descriptive-analytical investigation on premature neonates with very low birth weight (less than 1500 g) and gestational age less than 32 weeks. This study showed that CRIB II index has higher value in prediction of mortality in premature neonates with very low birth weight.

Yavangi, M et al carried a randomized clinical trial on women aged 20-59 years with moderate to severe POP. The authors concluded that Pre-colporrhaphic physiotherapy can improve quality of life and sexual function in the patients’ candidate for colporrhaphy.

Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori, M et al reviewed TECTA gene function and hearing. TECTA is a modular, non-collagenous protein of the tectorial membrane that plays a more dynamic role in normal hearing. Mutations in TECTA cause dominant and recessive forms of non-syndromic hearing loss.

Ghasemi M et al used available sampling was done using 80 patients with knee osteoarthritis and samples were divided into two groups. The authors concluded that in general, it can be suggested that the use of dextrose prolotherapy is a simple, safe, inexpensive, accessible and uncomplicated method than other treatments in these patients.

Ebrahimi H.A et al did a descriptive-analytical study on evaluation of seizures in pregnant women. Among 3807 admitted pregnant women, 38 cases (1%) experienced epileptic seizures. The authors concluded that more than 6 in 1000 pregnant women suffer from epilepsy. Eclampsia is the most prevalent cause. Epileptic seizures increased in 21% of epileptic pregnant women, and declined in 21% of the cases.

Jafarpour, E did a pre-test and post-test study to evaluate the blood level of leptin hormone before and after treatment with metformin. It is concluded that, the effect of metformin during the treatment period reduced the blood glucose level of adolescents, but its effect on weight loss and HbA1c did not significantly increase due to the duration of treatment.

Dargahi, H et al, carried a cross-sectional research on 1238 non-academic employees. The required data was collected by the Quality of Work life (QWL) questionnaire. The authors concluded that in the present study no significant relationship between the quality of work life and general health, socio-economic status and quality of work life, and also general health and socio-economic status was found.

Mangeli, M et al., explored the factors that encourage early marriage and motherhood in Iranian culture. The authors concluded that various factors (personal, social, economic, cultural, spiritual and technological) encourage adolescent to early marriage and motherhood.

Soltanian, F evaluated psychological and social factors effective on emotional separation among attendants to well-fare social emergency centers. The results showed that psychological and social factors have positive correlation with emotional divorce and regression analysis showed that social factors rank first and psychological problems are next in importance when it comes to emotional divorce.

Rajabi, M et al., investigated perceived organizational justice and organizational trust and their relationship in nurses of public and private hospitals in north of Iran. According to the results, in order to improve organizational trust, it is necessary that hospital managers develop organizational justice.

Bachari, Y.H et al conducted a quasi-experimental intervention study to compare the effects of two educational methods of role play and video feedback on learning CPR. The authors concluded that the video self-feedback method in compare to the role play method is more effective in improving cognitive and psychomotor learning of nursing students in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Ziapour A et al did a pre-test-post-test study. The statistical population consisted of all couples in Kermanshah City.

Barekati1, S et al., carried out using a pretest-posttest semi-experimental design with control group and random assignment. The findings of this research can be considered as a confirmation of the basic assumption of the cognitive-existential approach about the effect of correcting cognitive distortions that activate non-authentic responses to the existential anxieties.

Elmi, R et al., did a cross–sectional study on 87 cadavers to compare morphine in urine and other body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bile, pericardial fluid (PCF), and vitreous humor to determine the most reliable fluid for detection of postmortem morphine. The moderate agreement between urine TLC and bile TLC reveals bile sample as the most reliable fluid for morphine detection, when a urine sample is not accessible.

Farzaneh Norouzi, F et al., carried out a cross-sectional study, 204 nursing and midwifery students. The authors concluded that the presence of high spiritual motivation in nursing and midwifery students compared to other types of motivation is regarded as a strong point in the education of students.

Fakheri T et al., attempted to compare the LUS (lower uterine segment) thickness among nulliparous pregnant women without uterine scar and pregnant women with previous cesarean section using trans-abdominal ultrasound in the third trimester. The authors concluded that LUS thickness was significantly lower in pregnant mother with previous CS and this led to dehiscence in such patients. In case of LUS thickness of < 1.7 mm, the risk of dehiscence and rupture increases.

Jafarkhani, F et al., examined the effectiveness of the blended approach in learning English through the mobile social networks to enhance the level of listening and speaking skills of primary school students. The findings of the study bear some significant implications for curriculum designers, teachers and students and highlight the crucial role of using the technological devices and applications in promoting the learners’ capabilities in listening/speaking.

Haghanifar, S et al., attempt to determine the course of MC, anterior branch and its relation to mandibular teeth. In cross-sectional view, the MC diameter, the distance from root apex to MC.
So, any procedures in mandibular posterior area should be performed with sufficient knowledge of the nervous canal.

Shateri, L et al., evaluated the extent to which the association between chronic pain and obesity are mediated by anxiety and moderated by coping strategies. In summary, chronic pain predicted obesity directly, and specific coping strategies (emotional coping strategies) did not moderate the relationship between chronic pain, obesity and anxiety, but anxiety mediates this relationship.

Shekarbaghani, A tried to interpret the Commercial situation of astronomy, religious culture and curriculum. The author concluded that the creation of the preparing the needed science for the compilation of astronomy affect daily life with the other curriculum.

Taheri, S et al., conducted a clinical trial with the aim to determine the effect of environmental and behavioral interventions on physiological and behavioral responses of preterm infants during intravenous catheterization. It was found that dimming light and noise, nursing manipulations, and fetal positioning during intravenous catheterization effectively reduce neonatal pain.

We have two papers that dealt with obesity. Molaei, K. conducted a semi-experimental to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on the amount of resistin and body mass index (BMI) of overweight women. Data analysis indicated that the 8-week exercise program had a significant effect on BMI (P=0/001), body weight (P=0/000), and resistin (P=0/001). In the second paper data analysis showed that 8-weekly sport exercises had a significant effect on BMI (P = 0.001), body weight (P = 0.000), and leptin (P = 0.001).

Ban, M et al., carried a descriptive-analytic study on 202 nurses. Results of this study showed that nurses should firstly recognize the dimensions and ethical issues in their profession for the ethical performance of professional nursing; therefore, it is recommended to maximize the efficiency and quality of health care by educating the medical staff and raising their awareness of professional ethics.

Javadi, M.S et al., carried a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study on 148 cases of admitted children due to febrile convulsion. This study showed that the prevalence of febrile convulsion in children younger than 2 years old is more common in males and prevalence of simple seizure is more common compared to complex one. Also, the history of seizure, seizure duration, child’s age, and duration of fever onset to seizure occurrence are effective in seizure incidence.

Raezian M provides a brief report on the components of national strategies for suicide prevention suggested by the World Health Organization. Based on this report a well-designed national strategy for suicide prevention should have at the very least twelve components.

Sani, M.S et al did a causal comparative study, all fertile and infertile women referred to Arash Hospital and Mirza Kuchak Khan Hospital in Tehran. The results showed that the level of quality of life, self-efficacy and resiliency in infertile women is less. Based on these results, it can be said that considering the importance of psychological factors in exacerbating the physical and mental damages associated with infertility, psychological interventions focused on quality of life, self-efficacy and resiliency with the aim of improving the mental health of the infertile people, is necessary.

Aliza V et al did a reassessment of factor structure of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) where four theoretical and experimental factor structures of the SF-36 were tested and compared here to establish a best-fitting model for Iranian older people. A sample of 391 participants (60 -89 years) years completed the Farsi SF-36. This study provides strong evidence that the Farsi SF-36 has the potential to measure well-being status of older people. Such an application application is valid if the Vitality items are modified and new items are developed for the Well-being scale.

Chief Editor:
A. Abyad
MD, MPH, AGSF, AFCHSE
Email: aabyad@cyberia.net.lb

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