The results indicate that most subjects were over 60 years of age (44.1%), male (72.1%), as well as the majority of patients were intubated with a No. 8 (64.7%) which was used in 37 patients (54.4%) and it was introduced into the trachea tube at a rate of 23 cm and was on the chart (1). Average pressure at different times in the experimental and control groups, were compared to show that after setting the cuff pressure, changes in the intervention group but not the control group’s the endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the test group, showed significantly less volatility (p =0.000).

The results indicate that most subjects were over 60 years of age (44.1%), male (72.1%), as well as the majority of patients were intubated with a No. 8 (64.7%) which was used in 37 patients (54.4%) and it was introduced into the trachea tube at a rate of 23 cm and was on the chart (1). Average pressure at different times in the experimental and control groups, were compared to show that after setting the cuff pressure, changes in the intervention group but not the control group’s the endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the test group, showed significantly less volatility (p =0.000).

Based on Table 1 results show an average score of sore throat in the experimental group compared to the control group during the study that dropped with more time so that the average score in the experimental group rather than the control group was due to re-setting the endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the experimental group who experienced less of a sore throat, and this is observed and t test was significant in this context (p <0.004).

Based on Table 2 the results indicate that the endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the experimental group reduced average scores of cough in this group more than in the control group so that with the passage of time more so that with more time after extubation average score of sore throat in the experimental group was associated with a greater reduction and t test was significant in this context (p <0.004)

Table 3 Average score of hoarseness in both test and control groups shows that although endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the test group resulted in a significant reduction in the average score for this group, than in the control group hoarseness, and hoarseness in 6 hours after extubation the two groups was statistically significant but in general, t test was significant in this context (p <0.132)

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Chart 1: Compare endotracheal tube cuff pressure control and test groups

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Table 1: Comparison of mean scores in both experimental and control groups during the study of sore throat

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Table 2: Comparison of cough score in both experimental and control groups during the study

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Table 3: Comparison of hoarseness in both experimental and control groups during the study

DISCUSSION

The findings showed that 44.1% of the participants were in the age group 60 years and above. The findings show that most age groups above 60 years were studied. The findings also showed that the cuff pressure changes in the intervention group and the control group and there was no significant difference between the two groups and the reduction of morbidity in the experimental group in other words, setting the endotracheal tube cuff pressure and the change mitigation, to reduce the harm caused by pressure to the lining of the trachea and inflammation of the wall and reducing damage due to ischemia and tracheal mucosal blood flow is impaired as a result of complications such as coughing, hoarseness and sore throat decreases. The findings of this study are consistent with findings Khosravi (2005) which states that the patients in the experimental group compared to control group patients experienced fewer sore throats (22). The findings suggest that the severity of cough and sore throat in the experimental group and control showed significant difference. But for hoarseness, possibly due to decreased drug effect tradeoffs, there was no significant difference but at the time of 6 hours after extubation there is a significant difference. Ryu et al in a study in 2013 on the endotracheal tube cuff pressure in 90 patients undergoing thyroidectomy reported the endotracheal tube cuff pressure regulation reduces hoarseness, sore throat and cough, and in patients with endotracheal tube cuff pressure regulated and controlled, it was easier to swallow than for those in the control group (23). In line with this study, Liu and colleagues study also stated that after setting the endotracheal tube cuff pressure between the two groups of patients in terms of sore throat, hoarseness, cough and hemoptysis there is a significant difference (p <0.001) and the control group sore throat, hoarseness, cough and hemoptysis was more than the experimental group (24). It is noteworthy that Mousavi et al (2009) study reported that in 30 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who for whatever reason endotracheal intubation was performed. They were measure twice within six hours All ETT cuff pressure measurements by standard manometer were done by an expert trained to do so . In the field of measurement and control endotracheal tube cuff pressure in patients in the intensive care unit, the results showed that 18.5 percent of the ETT cuff pressure despite pressure correction in the first instance, at the second time the cuff pressure was outside of the standard. A not so important reason for this careless cuff pressure being set is perhaps the wrong size tube was selected for the causes outlined (25).

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that regular adjustment of endotracheal tube cuff pressure reduces the incidence of sore throat and cough in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery and given that this is an easy, cheap and effective way in maintaining and improving the health of these patients and it is recommended that endotracheal tube cuff pressure is maintained by providing training for medical staff in this area and it is also stressed the need for precise control of the pressure at intervals determined so that the preventable complications of endotracheal intubation should be avoided.

Acknowledgments:
This article approved projects martyr Yazd University of Medical Sciences, part of the thesis is a graduate student in critical care nurses, the cooperation of faculty of nursing and midwifery officials Shahid Afshar hospital in Yazd staff and nurses working all patients will be studied and appreciated.