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| From
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Editorial
A. Abyad (Chief Editor) |
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Original contribution/Clinical Investigation
Diabetes
Mellitus - Knowledge, Management and Complications:
Survey report from Faisalabad-Pakistan
Ijaz Anwer, Ahmad Shahzad, Kashmira Nanji, Farah
Haider, Muhammad Masood Ahmad
Alanine
aminotransferase indicates excess weight and
dyslipidemia
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Orhan Ayyildiz* Mustafa
Cem Algin, Yusuf Aydin, Abdulrazak Abyad, Lesley
Pocock
Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides
Gene Expression in Susceptible/Resistant Mice
Macrophages to Leishmania major Infection
Hamid Daneshvar, Iraj Sharifi, Alireza Kyhani,
Amir Tavakoli Kareshk, Arash Asadi
Does
socio-economic status of the patients have effect
on clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass
grafting surgery?
Forough Razmjooei, Afshin Mansourian, Saeed
Kouhpyma
Comparison
of the uterine artery Doppler indices during
pregnancy between gestational diabetes and diabetes
mellitus and healthy pregnant women
Nazanin Farshchian, Farhad Naleini, Amir Masoud
Jaafarnejhad,
Parisa Bahrami Kamangar
Survey
single dose Gentamicin in treatment of UTI in
children with range of 1 month to 13 years old
in Jahrom during 2015
Ehsan Rahmanian, Farideh Mogharab,
Vahid Mogharab
Evaluation
of control of bleeding by electro cauterization
of bleeding points of amplatz sheath tract after
percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Jahrom
Peymanieh hospital during year 2015-2016
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Comparison
of the three-finger tracheal palpation technique
with triple ID formula to determine endotracheal
tube depth in children 2-8 years in 2016-2017
Anahid Maleki, Alireza Ebrahim Soltani, Alireza
Takzare, Ebrahim Espahbodi,
Mehrdad Goodarzi , Roya Noori
Effect
of Sevoflurane and Propofol on pulmonary arterial
pressure during cardiac catheterization in children
with congenital heart diseases
Faranak Behnaz, Mahshid Ghasemi , Gholamreza
Mohseni, Azim Zaraki
Population and Community Studies
Prevalence
and risk factors of obesity in children aged
2-12 years in the Abu Dhabi Islands
Eideh Al-Shehhi, Hessa Al-Dhefairi, Kholoud
Abuasi, Noora Al Ali, Mona Al Tunaiji, Ebtihal
Darwish
Study
and comparison of psychological disorders in
normal students and students with multiple sclerosis
in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Comparative
study of self-concept, physical self-concept,
and time perspective between the students with
multiple sclerosis and healthy students in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Relationship
between Coping Styles and Religious Orientation
with Mental Health in the Students of the Nursing-Midwifery
Faculty of Zabol
Nasim Dastras, Mohsen Heidari Mokarrar, Majid
Dastras, Shirzad Arianmehr
Tuberculosis
in Abadan, Iran (2012-2016): An Epidemiological
Study
Ali-Asghar ValiPour, Azimeh Karimyan, Mahmood
Banarimehr, Marzieh Ghassemi, Maryam Robeyhavi,
Rahil Hojjati,
Parvin Gholizadeh
Family
Stability and Conflict of Spiritual Beliefs
and Superstitions among Yazdi People in Iran:
A Qualitative Study
Zahra Pourmovahed , Seyed Saied Mazloomy Mahmoodabad
; Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi ; Hossein Tavangar
; Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani ; Ali Akbar
Vaezi
A
comparative study of the self-actualization
in psychology and Islam
Simin Afrasibi, Zakieh Fattahi
The
effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy
in reducing the post-traumatic stress symptoms
in male students survivors of earthquake in
the central district of Varzeghan
Sakineh Salamat, Dr.Ahad Ahangar, Robab Farajzadeh
Reviews
Effects
and mechanisms of medicinal plants on stress
hormone (cortisol): A systematic review
Kamal Solati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Lesley
Pocock
Comparing
Traditional and medical treatments for constipation
: A Review Article
Mohammad Yaqub Rajput
A review
of anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies
in 15- 25 year old women in Jahrom City in 2011
Ehsan Rahmania , Farideh Mogharab, Vahid Mogharab
Review
of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children
below 12 years old in Jahrom hospital, during
2010-2014
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Physical
and mental health in Islam
Bahador Mehraki, Abdollah Gholami
International Health Affairs
The Challenges
of Implementation of Professional Ethics Standards
in Clinical Care from the viewpoint of Nursing
Students and Nurses
Saeedeh Elhami, Kambiz Saberi, Maryam Ban, Sajedeh
Mousaviasl, Nasim Hatefi Moadab, Marzieh Ghassemi
Cognitive
Determinants of Physical Activity Intention among
Iranian Nurses: An Application of Integrative
Model of Behavior Prediction
Arsalan Ghaderi, Firoozeh Mostafavi, Behzad Mahaki,
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh,
Yadolah Zarezadeh , Erfan Sadeghi
Effect
of resilience-based intervention on occupational
stress among nurses
Hossein Jafarizadeh, Ebrahim Zhiyani, Nader
Aghakhani, Vahid Alinejad, Yaser Moradi
Education and Training
Calculation
of Salaries and Benefits of Faculty Members
in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education
of Iran
Abdolreza Gilavand
The
effect of education on self-care behaviors of
gastrointestinal side effects on patients undergoing
chemotherapy
Shokoh Varaei, Ehsan Abadi Pishe, Shadan Pedram
Razie, Lila Nezam Abadi Farahani
Creating
and Validating the Faith Inventory for Students
at Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Solmaz Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein
Maktabi, Ehsan Moheb
Creating
and Validating the Adjustment Inventory for
the Students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Homa Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein Maktabi,
Ehsan Moheb
Evaluating
the Quality of Educational Services from the
Viewpoints of Radiology Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical Sciences
Abdolreza Gilavand, Jafar Fatahiasl
An
Investigation of Psychosocial aspect of Iranian
Nursing Students' Clinical Setting
Mahsa Boozaripour , Zanyar Karimi, Sima Zohari
Anbohi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Fariba Borhani
Clinical Research and Methods
Comparison
of the Antibacterial Effects of Chlorhexidine
Mouth washes with Jaftex Mouth wash on Some
Common Oral Microorganisms (An in Vitro Study)
Ebrahim Babadi, Zahra Bamzadeh, Fatemeh Babadi
Study
of the effect of plasma jet on Fusarium isolates
with ability to produce DON toxins
Elham Galin Abbasian, Mansour Bayat, Arash chaichi
Nosrati, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Mahmood Ghoranneviss
The
comparison of anti-inflammatory effect in two
methods of topical dexamethasone injection and
topical application of ginger alcoholic extract
after removing mandibular wisdom teeth
Sahar Zandi, Seyyed Muhammadreza Alavi, Kamran
Mirzaie, Ramin Seyedian, Narges Aria, Saman
Jokar
The effect
of curcumin on growth and adherence of major
microorganisms causing tooth decay
Leila Helalat, Ahmad Zarejavid, Alireza Ekrami,
Mohammd Hosein Haghighizadeh, Mehdi Shiri Nasab
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Abyad
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|
|
| November 2017
- Volume 15, Issue 9 |
|
|
Comparing traditional
and medical treatments for constipation : A
Review Article
Mohammad Yaqub Rajput
Assistant
Professor of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology
and Hepatology
Corresponding author:
Mohammad
Yaqub Rajput,
Assistant professor of internal medicine, Gastroenterology
and Hepatology
Jahrom University of Medical Sciences,
Jahrom, Iran
Tel: +989171912400
Email:
mogharabvahid@yahoo.com
|
Abstract
Constipation is one of the complaints
raised by various age groups. More than
one-seventh of the adult population in
the world are suffering from chronic constipation.
In addition to adverse effects on lifestyle
and physical complications, this disease
costs a lot to the patient and the health
system. In this study, the recommendations
for the removal of constipation from traditional
medicine and modern medicine were extracted
and compared. The general approach to
dealing with constipation in traditional
medicine sources is somewhat similar to
that of the medical findings, but the
details of the recommendations in these
sources do not have the required level
of evidence. Also, the importance of paying
attention to constipation has been emphasized
in reducing the number of complications
in traditional medicine sources, which
deserves further consideration.
Key words:
constipation, traditional medicine, modern
medicine, laxative
|
Constipation is one of the most common complications
of the digestive tract in modern and traditional
medicine. Constipation is one of the complaints
raised by various age groups. (1) More than
one-seventh of the adult population in the world
are suffering from chronic constipation (2 and
3). Chronic constipation with a prevalence of
15-30% in adults and between 3% and 28% in children
is one of the priorities of the World Health
Organization (1, 4-6). In addition to the negative
effects it affects the patient and the health
system on lifestyle and physical side effects.
Constipation, in addition to being unpleasant,
can be associated with complications such as
mega colon, general weakness, hemorrhoids, and
sustained complications such as pudendal nerve
damage and impaired pelvic floor muscle function
due to excessive pressure for excision and even
uteroinjection prolapse (5, 7). Studies have
shown that women with severe constipation are
more likely to be exposed to gynecologic surgery
(5). The high prevalence of constipation in
all age groups, the imposition of financial
burdens on health care systems at $ 7,522 per
year for each patient in the United States,
the impact on quality of life of people and
the lack of satisfaction with current drugs,
the tendency of patients and researchers to
use other methods, including herbal remedies
and explain other methods of complementary and
alternative medicine (8 and 9).
In this study, the recommendations for the
removal of constipation from traditional medicine
sources and traditional medicine databases were
extracted and compared.
Definition of constipation in modern medicine:
severe stool discharging or incomplete emptying
after bowel movements or bowel movements less
than three times a week (10)
Definition of Constipation in Traditional Medicine:
In traditional medicine, constipation is characterized
by titles such as hasr, abdominal cavity and
ventricular vein, and colic is a specific type
of constipation associated with pain (11).
Constipation Therapy in Modern Medicine:
In modern medicine, constipation is initiated
by providing non-pharmacological advice such
as increasing physical activity and fluid intake,
regulating bowel habits, and increasing fiber
consumption. If necessary, laxative drugs are
prescribed, and in the absence of response,
Surgical methods are used. (12 and 13) In new
studies, laxatives are classified into five
groups based on their mechanism of action (4,
5 and 14)
The treatment of constipation in traditional
medicine: The first step in the treatment
of traditional medicine in Iran is the diagnosis
of the disease pattern. Considering the characteristics
of stool in terms of consistency, shape, color,
smell and accompanying symptoms, along with
the examination of language and pulse, is one
of the important issues of this school. The
principles of treatment in Iranian medicine
are based on lifestyle modification and nutrition,
the establishment of the balance and the strengthening
of the organ. Several studies have shown the
effectiveness of some Iranian herbs on constipation.
Hypnosis (ENMA) is also indicated as an effective
treatment for constipation (15) Dr. Ahmadieh
writes in the secret of treatment that “It
should be noted that most diseases cause disruption
of the stomach and laziness of the intestine.
In addition, each illness also causes forms
of digestive system impairment. He cleared it
and launched it, then, as if he returned to
a permanent illness, he went to special treatment.”
He says elsewhere: “The predecessors of
treating illnesses, emptying the intestines
and treating the diseases were important, and
they insisted on doing so, and putting the rest
of the treatments at a later stage. I also chose
the same procedure, because of constipation
and digestive disorders The cause of any illness
or partner is the disease “(16)
Treatment for constipation is primarily focused
on removing constipation-inducing substances
such as consuming dry foods or opiates, and
continues to focus on treating constipation-related
gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal malformations.
Food Recommendations in Traditional Medicine:
- Avoid consuming dessert foods (17) and grilled
and fried foods (18)
- Avoid flaccid foods (17) such as legumes,
apples, cucumbers, yogurt (18)
- Increased meals: Increasing the number of
meals in addition to reducing complications,
such as reflux, also affects the lining of the
heart; however, the volume of the serving should
be reduced proportionately with the increase
in the number of snacks (19 and 20)
- Having a regular diet (16 and 17)
- The use of soft and early digested foods (17,
21 and 22), due to poor digestion of the gastrointestinal
tract, prolongs the digestive process, which
will result in constipation (23).
- Fatty porridges (19 and 24-26)
- Use laxatives foods such as spinach, lettuce,
turkey, cabbage leaves (17 and 27)
- Sufficient water: (17) In new guidelines,
adequate water intake, especially constipation
is considered to be effective (5). Of course,
in traditional medicine sources, it is not recommended
to increase water use in the elimination of
all types of constipation (17).
- Snacks like dried figs, pistachios, almonds,
currants, dried figs, cooked fruits, sweet ripe
melons before meals (17)
Therapeutic methods of traditional medicine:
- Stretching during a mild walk (23)
- Creating order in defecation and bowel movements
when feeling off (17)
- Keep body warm in very cold environments (17)
- Keep your stomach warm, especially in cold
weather (17 and 21)
- Non-use of very cold and bitter foods (19-21
and 25)
- Avoid overeating (23)
- Avoiding Drugs (17)
- Avoiding Severe Psychological Stress (16 and
19)
- Ginger: In addition to laxative, it is also
effective in relieving nausea (17, 28)
- Golghand alone or sour with Golghand (27):
The method of making “griffin” is
to combine the flowers with the weight of that
honey or sugar and put it under appropriate
temperature conditions for a while until the
process is completed. Golghand also plays an
important role in reducing bloating and gastrointestinal
uplift (23, 28)
- “Torangebine” with rose water: In
the Alhekmatelkholase book, the best combination
of laxatives is mentioned, which are usable
in most temperaments, times and cities, and
it is easy to eat and, of course, those who
are prone to diarrhea should be careful with
it. 19 and 25)
- “Mubarak” laxative: The author of
the Altebelmizan, expressed combinational Mubarak
laxative in this book, based on his experiences,
is useful in most of the esophagus and outbreaks,
and agrees with most temperaments and can be
used by pregnant women and children and the
elderly. It can also be useful in treating fever
and inflammation of the digestive tract. (29)
- Sweet Almond Oil (22)
- rose petals (22)
|
DISCUSSION
AND
CONCLUSION
|
Constipation is one of the most common problems
in the new life style. In Germany, about 25%
of women and 10% of men (30) and in the United
States between 20% and 28% of the population
face this problem. (31) Iran reported a prevalence
of 3.5%. (32 and 33). Lipid medications along
with homeopathic remedies are the most commonly
used non-prescription drugs in the world. In
Germany, 39 million units of laxative drugs
are sold annually, and 600 million are sold
in the United States. (34) The annual constipation
in the United States leads to 2.5 million physician
visits. The economic value of care for each
patient with constipation is estimated at an
average of $ US 2,752. (35) Many of the molecular
structures of modern drugs are based on the
effects of medicinal plants used in traditional
medicine systems. (36) So searching in traditional
medicine texts is a good way to find new drugs.
The use of modern therapy has many problems.
Therefore, new strategies are aimed at shortening
processes to reduce costs and making it easier
to get effective medications. (37) One of these
strategies is the use of therapies and medicinal
plants and medications used in traditional medicine
for centuries. This study was a review study
in which we tried to compare the treatment of
constipation in modern medicine with traditional
Iranian medicine. According to the studies,
the main method of treatment in modern medicine
is the use of laxatives that can have many complications,
but traditional medicine methods are related
to the correcting of life and food practices
and treatments by medicinal plants that have
the least complications. However, the low risk
or safety of pharmaceutical treatments in traditional
medicine requires several clinical trials so
far researchers have not focused on researching
these topics. Due to the prevalence of constipation
and the existence of several herbal remedies
in traditional Iranian medicine, it is suggested
that more clinical trials should be conducted
to prove the low risk and even the effectiveness
of these medicinal plants, in order for them
to achieve the role of chemical treatments with
low complications.
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