JOURNAL
Current Issue
Journal Archive
.............................................................
November 2017 -
Volume 15, Issue 9

View this issue in pdf format -

........................................................
From the Editor

........................................................

 

Original contribution/Clinical Investigation
Diabetes Mellitus - Knowledge, Management and Complications: Survey report from Faisalabad-Pakistan
Ijaz Anwer, Ahmad Shahzad, Kashmira Nanji, Farah Haider, Muhammad Masood Ahmad

Alanine aminotransferase indicates excess weight and dyslipidemia
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Orhan Ayyildiz* Mustafa Cem Algin, Yusuf Aydin, Abdulrazak Abyad, Lesley Pocock

Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides Gene Expression in Susceptible/Resistant Mice Macrophages to Leishmania major Infection

Hamid Daneshvar, Iraj Sharifi, Alireza Kyhani, Amir Tavakoli Kareshk, Arash Asadi

Does socio-economic status of the patients have effect on clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery?
Forough Razmjooei, Afshin Mansourian, Saeed Kouhpyma

Comparison of the uterine artery Doppler indices during pregnancy between gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus and healthy pregnant women
Nazanin Farshchian, Farhad Naleini, Amir Masoud Jaafarnejhad,
Parisa Bahrami Kamangar

Survey single dose Gentamicin in treatment of UTI in children with range of 1 month to 13 years old in Jahrom during 2015
Ehsan Rahmanian, Farideh Mogharab,
Vahid Mogharab

Evaluation of control of bleeding by electro cauterization of bleeding points of amplatz sheath tract after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Jahrom Peymanieh hospital during year 2015-2016
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo

Comparison of the three-finger tracheal palpation technique with triple ID formula to determine endotracheal tube depth in children 2-8 years in 2016-2017
Anahid Maleki, Alireza Ebrahim Soltani, Alireza Takzare, Ebrahim Espahbodi,
Mehrdad Goodarzi , Roya Noori

Effect of Sevoflurane and Propofol on pulmonary arterial pressure during cardiac catheterization in children with congenital heart diseases
Faranak Behnaz, Mahshid Ghasemi , Gholamreza Mohseni, Azim Zaraki
Population and Community Studies

Prevalence and risk factors of obesity in children aged 2-12 years in the Abu Dhabi Islands
Eideh Al-Shehhi, Hessa Al-Dhefairi, Kholoud Abuasi, Noora Al Ali, Mona Al Tunaiji, Ebtihal Darwish

Study and comparison of psychological disorders in normal students and students with multiple sclerosis in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani

Comparative study of self-concept, physical self-concept, and time perspective between the students with multiple sclerosis and healthy students in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani

Relationship between Coping Styles and Religious Orientation with Mental Health in the Students of the Nursing-Midwifery Faculty of Zabol
Nasim Dastras, Mohsen Heidari Mokarrar, Majid Dastras, Shirzad Arianmehr

Tuberculosis in Abadan, Iran (2012-2016): An Epidemiological Study
Ali-Asghar ValiPour, Azimeh Karimyan, Mahmood Banarimehr, Marzieh Ghassemi, Maryam Robeyhavi, Rahil Hojjati,
Parvin Gholizadeh

Family Stability and Conflict of Spiritual Beliefs and Superstitions among Yazdi People in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Zahra Pourmovahed , Seyed Saied Mazloomy Mahmoodabad ; Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi ; Hossein Tavangar ; Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani ; Ali Akbar Vaezi

A comparative study of the self-actualization in psychology and Islam
Simin Afrasibi, Zakieh Fattahi

The effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy in reducing the post-traumatic stress symptoms in male students survivors of earthquake in the central district of Varzeghan
Sakineh Salamat, Dr.Ahad Ahangar, Robab Farajzadeh

Reviews

Effects and mechanisms of medicinal plants on stress hormone (cortisol): A systematic review
Kamal Solati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Lesley Pocock

Comparing Traditional and medical treatments for constipation : A Review Article
Mohammad Yaqub Rajput

A review of anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies in 15- 25 year old women in Jahrom City in 2011
Ehsan Rahmania , Farideh Mogharab, Vahid Mogharab

Review of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children below 12 years old in Jahrom hospital, during 2010-2014
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo

Physical and mental health in Islam
Bahador Mehraki, Abdollah Gholami

International Health Affairs

The Challenges of Implementation of Professional Ethics Standards in Clinical Care from the viewpoint of Nursing Students and Nurses
Saeedeh Elhami, Kambiz Saberi, Maryam Ban, Sajedeh Mousaviasl, Nasim Hatefi Moadab, Marzieh Ghassemi

Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity Intention among Iranian Nurses: An Application of Integrative Model of Behavior Prediction
Arsalan Ghaderi, Firoozeh Mostafavi, Behzad Mahaki, Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh,
Yadolah Zarezadeh , Erfan Sadeghi

Effect of resilience-based intervention on occupational stress among nurses
Hossein Jafarizadeh, Ebrahim Zhiyani, Nader Aghakhani, Vahid Alinejad, Yaser Moradi

Education and Training

Calculation of Salaries and Benefits of Faculty Members in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran
Abdolreza Gilavand

The effect of education on self-care behaviors of gastrointestinal side effects on patients undergoing chemotherapy
Shokoh Varaei, Ehsan Abadi Pishe, Shadan Pedram Razie, Lila Nezam Abadi Farahani

Creating and Validating the Faith Inventory for Students at Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Solmaz Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein Maktabi, Ehsan Moheb

Creating and Validating the Adjustment Inventory for the Students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Homa Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein Maktabi, Ehsan Moheb

Evaluating the Quality of Educational Services from the Viewpoints of Radiology Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Abdolreza Gilavand, Jafar Fatahiasl

An Investigation of Psychosocial aspect of Iranian Nursing Students' Clinical Setting
Mahsa Boozaripour , Zanyar Karimi, Sima Zohari Anbohi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Fariba Borhani

Clinical Research and Methods

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effects of Chlorhexidine Mouth washes with Jaftex Mouth wash on Some Common Oral Microorganisms (An in Vitro Study)
Ebrahim Babadi, Zahra Bamzadeh, Fatemeh Babadi

Study of the effect of plasma jet on Fusarium isolates with ability to produce DON toxins
Elham Galin Abbasian, Mansour Bayat, Arash chaichi Nosrati, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Mahmood Ghoranneviss

The comparison of anti-inflammatory effect in two methods of topical dexamethasone injection and topical application of ginger alcoholic extract after removing mandibular wisdom teeth
Sahar Zandi, Seyyed Muhammadreza Alavi, Kamran Mirzaie, Ramin Seyedian, Narges Aria, Saman Jokar

The effect of curcumin on growth and adherence of major microorganisms causing tooth decay
Leila Helalat, Ahmad Zarejavid, Alireza Ekrami, Mohammd Hosein Haghighizadeh, Mehdi Shiri Nasab


Middle East Quality Improvement Program
(MEQUIP QI&CPD)

Chief Editor -
Abdulrazak Abyad MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE

.........................................................

Publisher -
Lesley Pocock
medi+WORLD International
11 Colston Avenue,
Sherbrooke 3789
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +61 (3) 9005 9847
Fax: +61 (3) 9012 5857
Email
: lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
.........................................................

Editorial Enquiries -
abyad@cyberia.net.lb
.........................................................

Advertising Enquiries -
lesleypocock@mediworld.com.au
.........................................................

While all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this journal, opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Publishers, Editor or the Editorial Board. The publishers, Editor and Editorial Board cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal; or the views and opinions expressed. Publication of any advertisements does not constitute any endorsement by the Publishers and Editors of the product advertised.

The contents of this journal are copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act, no part of this program may be reproduced without the permission of the publisher.

November 2017 - Volume 15, Issue 9

Effects and mechanisms of medicinal plants on stress hormone (cortisol): A systematic review


Kamal Solati (1)
Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani (2)
Lesley Pocock (3)

(1) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran;
(2) Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran;
(3) Director, Middle East Quality Improvement Program, Australia
.

Corresponding Author:
Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani,
Circuit of Research and Technology,
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,
Iran
Tel: +989131833509, Fax: +98383351031
Email:
heidari_62@yahoo.com.

Abstract


Stress is a psychological and physiological state that leads to release of cortisol from the adrenal gland, and is associated with several complications if left untreated. This review was conducted to investigate the effects and action mechanisms of medicinal plants and their derivatives on cortisol. To conduct this systematic review, the key words of interest were used to retrieve relevant articles from databases the Information Sciences Institute and PubMed. Then, the plants and the plant-based products that were effective in corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone,and cortisol and therefore control stress, were selected. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the results of 19 articles were analyzed. The plants and their derivatives help regulate the key mediators and cytokines effective in stress response via targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, they can induce anti-stress properties via changing and modulating oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers. Regulation of certain stress hormones receptors and corticotropin releasing factor is another mechanism of the plants and their derivatives in reducing stress. The plants and their derivatives have exhibited their therapeutic effects on mild stress and they are also effective in treating more severe disorders such as chronic stress through affecting the HPA. They can be considered an independent or supplementary treatment alongside chemotherapies to decrease cortisol levels and to induce calmness.

Key words: Medicinal plant; Cortisol; Stress; Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal.


INTRODUCTION

Stress refers to a state in which the balance between the living organism and the environment is disrupted. This bothering condition can be due to heavy workload, educational pressure (examinations), trauma-induced physical and psychological stress, surgery, and other hard conditions of life (1). Stress can be influenced by certain factors such as age, gender, suffering from psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety (2) and external factors such as genetic characteristics (3). Inducing stressful conditions is dependent on biological changes in the body. Meanwhile, the hormonal balance of the body is disrupted. Certain hormones such as catecholamines, vasopressin, gonadotropins, thyroid hormones, prolactin, growth hormone, and insulin fluctuate in response to stressful conditions (1).

Activating the pituitary-adrenal axis is the most important neuroendocrine response to stress that leads to release of certain glucocorticosteroids such as cortisol from the cortical part of the adrenal gland that is essential for homeostasis and survival during stress (4). Imbalance of cortisol levels leads to different diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (5), gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation, immunodeficiency, and psychiatric disorders (6, 7). Different treatments are available for stress. Currently, despite the availability of several psychotherapies (8-13) and chemotherapies for chronic psychiatric disorders, treating stress remains relatively difficult (14).

Medicinal plants can represent effective treatments for different diseases including psychiatric disorders and have become increasingly popular due to being less expensive and causing fewer side effects (15-25). Moreover, phytotherapies have demonstrated positive effects in treating stress (26). With regards to the significant role of the endocrine system in stress induction and the several health-related complications due to stress in humans, this review was conducted to investigate the effects and action mechanisms of medicinal plants and their derivatives on cortisol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

To conduct this systematic review, the key words of interest and Endnote software were used. The key words corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or cortisol in combination with herb, medicinal plant, and phyto were used to retrieve relevant articles from databases of the Information Sciences Institute and PubMed. Then, the plants and the plant-based products that were effective in corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol and therefore control stress, were selected. The articles included in this review were published between 2007 and 2017. The articles whose full texts were not accessible and were not related to the purpose of this study were excluded after the authors’ agreement was achieved. Figure 1 is the flowchart to illustrate how the articles were selected for final analysis.

The plants regulate cortisol levels mainly through affecting the HPA axis. Several studies have been conducted on the plants (Table 1) and the plant-based compounds (Table 2) that are effective in modulating hormone.

Besides that, certain plants, as formulated or combined with other plants, have been approved and used in traditional medicine and experimental research. For example, Si Ni Tang is a Chinese herbal combination consisting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale, and Aconitum carmichaeli. A study on a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress showed that Si Ni Tang modulated increase in corticosterone and therefore helped relieve stress (41). Another study demonstrated that Si Ni powder extract modulated serum levels of corticosterone and ACTH. In addition, this extract causes increase in mRNA expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (42). The use of combination of Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendron amurense for four weeks caused decrease in salivary cortisol levels in patients with stress (43). A study reported that Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po, consisting of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit, Citrus aurantium L. fruit and Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. bark, caused normalization of ACTH and CORT levels in a rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (44).

Studies have shown that certain compounds in the plants lead to relief of stress through increasing resistance to mental exhaustion and increasing attention. However, several mechanisms can be considered in this regard such that they help regulate the key mediators that are effective on stress response consisting of molecular chaperons stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1), (e.g., HSP70), Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor DAF-16, cortisol, and nitric oxide (45) through targeting the HPA axis (27, 36, 45, 46). In addition, the plants decrease the expression of CRF and regulate the activities of certain receptors of stress hormones such as GRs (36, 37). On the other hand, some medicinal plants such as Hypericum perforatum, Melissa officinalis, Valeriana officinalis, and Passiflora incarnata can induce anti-stress properties through changing and modulating oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers (47). Also other studies have shown that medicinal plants and their extracted compounds can be effective via their antioxidant activities (48-54).

However, studies have not consistently confirmed usefulness of plant-based compounds to relieve stress. For example, a study reported that medicinal plants do not cause any change in ACTH or corticosterone (55). In addition, certain issues should be taken into account in using medicinal plants such as effective dose and associated drug-induced side effects, and interaction with chemical drugs. It is therefore recommended to use medicinal plants and their derivatives under physicians’ supervision.

Figure 1. Flowchart of the process of analyzing the articles


FINDINGS


The plants regulate cortisol levels mainly through affecting the HPA axis. Several studies have been conducted on the plants (Table 1) and the plant-based compounds (Table 2) that are effective in modulating hormone.


Click here for Table1: Medicinal plants effective on cortisol

Click here for Table 2: Phytochemicals effective on cortisol

CONCLUSION

Of the 19 articles included in this review, only one study was conducted on humans as a clinical trial. Therefore, because studies on humans are more vigorous to determine the mechanism process of medicinal plants, further studies should be conducted on human subjects under controlled conditions to investigate this issue. However, it is obvious that the plants and their derivatives have exhibited their therapeutic effects on mild stress and they are also effective in treating more severe disorders such as chronic stress through affecting the HPA. They can therefore be considered as supplementary treatment alongside chemical drugs to decrease cortisol levels and to induce peace.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Research and Technology Deputy of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences for supporting this study.

REFERENCES

1. Ranabir S, Reetu K. Stress and hormones. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;15(1):18-22.
2. Wiegner L, Hange D, Björkelund C, Ahlborg G. Prevalence of perceived stress and associations to symptoms of exhaustion, depression and anxiety in a working age population seeking primary care - an observational study. BMC Family Practice. 2015;16:38.
3. Wright RJ. Epidemiology of stress and asthma: From constricting communities and fragile families to epigenetics. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2011;31(1):19-39.
4. Uchoa ET, Aguilera G, Herman JP, Fiedler JL, Deak T, Cordeiro de Sousa MB. Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2014;26(9):557-72.
5. Whitworth JA, Williamson PM, Mangos G, Kelly JJ. Cardiovascular Consequences of Cortisol Excess. Vascular Health and Risk Management. 2005;1(4):291-9.
6. Downs CA, Faulkner MS. Toxic stress, inflammation and symptomatology of chronic complications in diabetes. World Journal of Diabetes. 2015;6(4):554-65.
7. Schneiderman N, Ironson G, Siegel SD. STRESS AND HEALTH: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants. Annual review of clinical psychology. 2005;1:607-28.
8. Solati K. The Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Resilience among the Wives of Patients with Schizophrenia. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2017;11(4):VC01-VC3.
9. Dehkordi AH, Solati K. The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy on quality of life and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research. 2017;8(2):67-72.
10. Shahbazi K, Solati K, Hasanpour-Dehkordi A. Comparison of Hypnotherapy and Standard Medical Treatment Alone on Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Control Trial. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2016;10(5):OC01-4.
11. Solati K, Ja’Farzadeh L, Hasanpour-Dehkordi A. The Effect of Stress Management Based on Group Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy on Marital Satisfaction in Infertile Women. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2016;10(7):VC01-VC3.
12. Hasanpour-Dehkordi A, Jivad N, Solati K. Effects of Yoga on Physiological Indices, Anxiety and Social Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized Trial. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2016;10(6):VC01-VC5.
13. Dehkordy SK, Gharamaleky SN. Effects of relaxation and citalopram on severity and frequency of the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea predominance. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010;26(1):88-91.
14. Kahanov L, Eberman LE, Games KE, Wasik M. Diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of stress fractures in the lower extremity in runners. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015;6:87-95.
15. Shabanian S, Khalili S, Lorigooini Z, Malekpour A, Heidari-Soureshjani S. The effect of vaginal cream containing ginger in users of clotrimazole vaginal cream on vaginal candidiasis. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research. 2017;8(2):80-84.
16. Nikfarjam M, Bahmani M, Heidari-Soureshjani S. Phytotherapy for anxiety in Iran: A review of the most important Anti-anxiety medicinal plants Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9 (3). pp. 1235-1241.
17. Nikfarjam M, Bahmani M, Heidari-Soureshjani S. Phytotherapy for depression: A review of the most important medicinal plants of flora of Iran effective on depression. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9 (3). pp. 1242-1247.
18. Heidari-Soreshjani S, Asadi-Samani M, Yang Q, Saeedi-Boroujeni A. Phytotherapy of nephrotoxicity-induced by cancer drugs: an updated review. J Nephropathol. 2017;6(3):254-63.
19. Shirani M, Raeisi R, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Asadi-Samani M. A review for discovering hepatoprotective herbal drugs with least side effects on kidney. Journal of Nephropharmacology. 2017;6(2):38–48.
20. Bahmani M, Sarrafchi A, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Autism: Pathophysiology and promising herbal remedies. Current pharmaceutical design. 2016;22(3):277-85.
21. Shirani M, Shabanian S, Yavangi M. A systematic review of iranian medicinal plants effective on female infertility. Journal of Global Pharma Technology. 2016;10(8):44-9.
22. Shirani M, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Yavangi M. Use of Iranian medicinal plants effective on male fertility indices. Journal of Global Pharma Technology. 2016;10(8):36-43.
23. Kooti W, Hasanzadeh-Noohi Z, Sharafi-Ahvazi N, Asadi-Samani M, Ashtary-Larky D. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic uses of black seed (Nigella sativa). Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 2016;14(10):732-45.
24. Mansouri E, Asadi-Samani M, Kooti W, Ghasemiboroon M, Ashtary-Larky D, Alamiri F, et al. Anti-fertility effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) seed in male Wistar rats. Journal of Veterinary Research. 2016;60(3):357-63.
25. Mirhoseini M, Moradi MT, Asadi-Samani M. Traditionally used Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Kidney Stone: a Review on Ethnobotanical Studies in Iran. Ambient Science. 2016;3(2):16-21.
26. Kumar A, Rinwa P, Kaur G, Machawal L. Stress: Neurobiology, consequences and management. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences. 2013;5(2):91-7.
27. Yan ZY, Zhang TE, Xiao T, Pan LZ, Qin JZ, Zhang ZP, et al. Anti-anxiety effect of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract via regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neural Regen Res. 2010;5(14):1071-5.
28. Chen L, Chen M, Wang F, Sun Z, Quanzhi H, Geng M, et al. Antidepressant-like effects of shuyusan in rats exposed to chronic stress: effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2012;2012:940846.
29. Li J, Wang S, Yang X, Pang G, Zheng H, Shen B, et al. Effect of sulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica on vascular endothelial cells in psychological stress rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2014;151(1):601-8.
30. Thakur AK, Soni UK, Rai G, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Protective effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and pure andrographolide against chronic stress-triggered pathologies in rats. Cellular and molecular neurobiology. 2014;34(8):1111-21.
31. Diandong H, Feng G, Zaifu L, Helland T, Weixin F, Liping C. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil protects against chronic stress-induced inhibitory function of natural killer cells in rats. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2016;29(1):76-83.
32. Hou DD, Gu F, Liang ZF, Helland T, Fu WX, Cai LP. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil protects against chronic stress-induced inhibitory function of natural killer cells in rats. Int J Immunopath Ph. 2016;29(1):76-83.
33. Swart AC, Smith C. Modulation of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and androgen production in H295 cells by Trimesemine, a mesembrine-rich Sceletium extract. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2016;177:35-45.
34. Ebrahimi V, Salati AP, Azarm HM, Hasanpour S. Effects of dietary green tea (Camellia sinensis L) on acute stress responses in sturgeon hybrid (Huso huso male x Acipenser ruthenus female). Aquac Res. 2017;48(2):618-23.
35. Hu Y, Liu P, Guo DH, Rahman K, Wang DX, Xie TT. Antidepressant effects of the extract YZ-50 from Polygala tenuifolia in chronic mild stress treated rats and its possible mechanisms. Pharmaceutical biology. 2010;48(7):794-800.
36. Pan Y, Wang FM, Qiang LQ, Zhang DM, Kong LD. Icariin attenuates chronic mild stress-induced dysregulation of the LHPA stress circuit in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010;35(2):272-83.
37. An L, Zhang YZ, Liu XM, Yu NJ, Chen HX, Zhao N, et al. Total flavonoids extracted from xiaobuxin-tang on the hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronically stressed rats. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2011;2011:367619.
38. Peng Z, Wang H, Zhang R, Chen Y, Xue F, Nie H, et al. Gastrodin Ameliorates Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Inhibits IL-1 beta Level and p38 MAPK Phosphorylation of Hippocampus in the Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Physiol Res. 2013;62(5):537-45.
39. Wang Z, Zhang D, Hui S, Zhang Y, Hu S. Effect of tribulus terrestris saponins on behavior and neuroendocrine in chronic mild stress depression rats. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan. 2013;33(2):228-32.
40. Gao Q, Gao Y, Song H, Li JL, Wu YB, Shi XW, et al. Cipadesin A, a bioactive ingredient of Xylocarpus granatum, produces antidepressant-like effects in adult mice. Neurosci Lett. 2016;633:33-9.
41. Guo JY, Huo HR, Li LF, Guo SY, Jiang TL. Sini tang prevents depression-like behavior in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2009;37(2):261-72.
42. Wei SS, Yang HJ, Huang JW, Lu XP, Peng LF, Wang QG. Traditional herbal formula Sini Powder extract produces antidepressant-like effects through stress-related mechanisms in rats. Chinese journal of natural medicines. 2016;14(8):590-8.
43. Talbott SM, Talbott JA, Pugh M. Effect of Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendron amurense (Relora (R)) on cortisol and psychological mood state in moderately stressed subjects. J Int Soc Sport Nutr. 2013;10.
44. Xing H, Zhang K, Zhang R, Shi H, Bi K, Chen X. Antidepressant-like effect of the water extract of the fixed combination of Gardenia jasminoides, Citrus aurantium and Magnolia officinalis in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2015;22(13):1178-85.
45. Panossian A, Wikman G. Effects of Adaptogens on the Central Nervous System and the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Their Stress-Protective Activity. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(1):188-224.
46. Wang D, Lu CY, Teng LS, Guo ZH, Meng QF, Liu Y, et al. Therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine against neuroendocrinological diseases especially related to hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014;27(3):741-54.
47. Ozkol H, Koyuncu I, Tuluce Y. Some medicinal plants counteract alterations of neuroendocrine stress response system, oxidative and nitrosative stress caused by repeated restraint in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011;5(17):4360-8.
48. Moradi B, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Asadi-Samani M, Yang Q, Saeedi-Boroujeni A. Efficacy and mechanisms of medicinal plants as immunotherapy in treatment of allergic rhinitis: A systematic review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2017;8(5):1892-9.
49. Heidarian E, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat. Pharmaceutical biology. 2013;51(9):1104-9.
50. Rafieian-Kopaei M, Baradaran A, Rafieian M. Oxidative stress and the paradoxical effects of antioxidants. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2013;18(7):628.
51. Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Mirhosseini M, Mesripour A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review on ethnobotanical and therapeutic uses of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L). Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine. 2016;21(1):53-62.
52. Raeisi R, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Asadi-Samani M, Luther T. A systematic review of phytotherapies for newborn jaundice in Iran. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2017;8(5):1953-8.
53. Asadi-Samani M, Bagheri N, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Shirzad H. Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cells by medicinal plants and their derivatives: A systematic review. Phytotherapy Research. 2017;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.5837/abstract.
54. Ghatreh-Samani M, Esmaeili N, Soleimani M, Asadi-Samani M, Ghatreh-Samani K, Shirzad H. Oxidative stress and age-related changes in T cells: is thalassemia a model of accelerated immune system aging? Central-European journal of immunology. 2016;41(1):116-24.
55. Amat N, Hoxur P, Ming D, Matsidik A, Kijjoa A, Upur H. Behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects of abnormal savda munziq in the chronic stress mice. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2012;2012:426757.

 

.................................................................................................................