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| From
the Editor |
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Editorial
A. Abyad (Chief Editor) |
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Original contribution/Clinical Investigation
Diabetes Mellitus
- Knowledge, Management and Complications: Survey
report from Faisalabad-Pakistan
Ijaz Anwer, Ahmad Shahzad, Kashmira Nanji, Farah
Haider, Muhammad Masood Ahmad
Alanine aminotransferase
indicates excess weight and dyslipidemia
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Orhan Ayyildiz* Mustafa
Cem Algin, Yusuf Aydin, Abdulrazak Abyad, Lesley
Pocock
Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides
Gene Expression in Susceptible/Resistant Mice
Macrophages to Leishmania major Infection
Hamid Daneshvar, Iraj Sharifi, Alireza Kyhani,
Amir Tavakoli Kareshk, Arash Asadi
Does
socio-economic status of the patients have effect
on clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass
grafting surgery?
Forough Razmjooei, Afshin Mansourian, Saeed
Kouhpyma
Comparison of the uterine
artery Doppler indices during pregnancy between
gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus and
healthy pregnant women
Nazanin Farshchian, Farhad Naleini, Amir Masoud
Jaafarnejhad,
Parisa Bahrami Kamangar
Survey single dose
Gentamicin in treatment of UTI in children with
range of 1 month to 13 years old in Jahrom during
2015
Ehsan Rahmanian, Farideh Mogharab,
Vahid Mogharab
Evaluation of control of
bleeding by electro cauterization of bleeding
points of amplatz sheath tract after percutaneous
nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Jahrom Peymanieh hospital
during year 2015-2016
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Comparison of the three-finger
tracheal palpation technique with triple ID
formula to determine endotracheal tube depth
in children 2-8 years in 2016-2017
Anahid Maleki, Alireza Ebrahim Soltani, Alireza
Takzare, Ebrahim Espahbodi,
Mehrdad Goodarzi , Roya Noori
Effect of Sevoflurane
and Propofol on pulmonary arterial pressure
during cardiac catheterization in children with
congenital heart diseases
Faranak Behnaz, Mahshid Ghasemi , Gholamreza
Mohseni, Azim Zaraki
Population and Community Studies
Prevalence
and risk factors of obesity in children aged
2-12 years in the Abu Dhabi Islands
Eideh Al-Shehhi, Hessa Al-Dhefairi, Kholoud
Abuasi, Noora Al Ali, Mona Al Tunaiji, Ebtihal
Darwish
Study and comparison
of psychological disorders in normal students
and students with multiple sclerosis in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Comparative
study of self-concept, physical self-concept,
and time perspective between the students with
multiple sclerosis and healthy students in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Relationship
between Coping Styles and Religious Orientation
with Mental Health in the Students of the Nursing-Midwifery
Faculty of Zabol
Nasim Dastras, Mohsen Heidari Mokarrar, Majid
Dastras, Shirzad Arianmehr
Tuberculosis in Abadan,
Iran (2012-2016): An Epidemiological Study
Ali-Asghar ValiPour, Azimeh Karimyan, Mahmood
Banarimehr, Marzieh Ghassemi, Maryam Robeyhavi,
Rahil Hojjati,
Parvin Gholizadeh
Family Stability and Conflict
of Spiritual Beliefs and Superstitions among
Yazdi People in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Zahra Pourmovahed , Seyed Saied Mazloomy Mahmoodabad
; Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi ; Hossein Tavangar
; Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani ; Ali Akbar
Vaezi
A comparative
study of the self-actualization in psychology
and Islam
Simin Afrasibi, Zakieh Fattahi
The effectiveness
of cognitive - behavioral therapy in reducing
the post-traumatic stress symptoms in male students
survivors of earthquake in the central district
of Varzeghan
Sakineh Salamat, Dr.Ahad Ahangar, Robab Farajzadeh
Reviews
Effects and mechanisms
of medicinal plants on stress hormone (cortisol):
A systematic review
Kamal Solati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Lesley
Pocock
Comparing Traditional
and medical treatments for constipation : A
Review Article
Mohammad Yaqub Rajput
A review of anti-measles
and anti-rubella antibodies in 15- 25 year old
women in Jahrom City in 2011
Ehsan Rahmania , Farideh Mogharab, Vahid Mogharab
Review of percutaneous
nephrolithotomy in children below 12 years old
in Jahrom hospital, during 2010-2014
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Physical and
mental health in Islam
Bahador Mehraki, Abdollah Gholami
International Health Affairs
The Challenges of Implementation
of Professional Ethics Standards in Clinical Care
from the viewpoint of Nursing Students and Nurses
Saeedeh Elhami, Kambiz Saberi, Maryam Ban, Sajedeh
Mousaviasl, Nasim Hatefi Moadab, Marzieh Ghassemi
Cognitive Determinants
of Physical Activity Intention among Iranian Nurses:
An Application of Integrative Model of Behavior
Prediction
Arsalan Ghaderi, Firoozeh Mostafavi, Behzad Mahaki,
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh,
Yadolah Zarezadeh , Erfan Sadeghi
Effect of resilience-based
intervention on occupational stress among nurses
Hossein Jafarizadeh, Ebrahim Zhiyani, Nader
Aghakhani, Vahid Alinejad, Yaser Moradi
Education and Training
Calculation of Salaries
and Benefits of Faculty Members in the Ministry
of Health and Medical Education of Iran
Abdolreza Gilavand
The effect of education
on self-care behaviors of gastrointestinal side
effects on patients undergoing chemotherapy
Shokoh Varaei, Ehsan Abadi Pishe, Shadan Pedram
Razie, Lila Nezam Abadi Farahani
Creating and
Validating the Faith Inventory for Students
at Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Solmaz Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein
Maktabi, Ehsan Moheb
Creating
and Validating the Adjustment Inventory for
the Students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Homa Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein Maktabi,
Ehsan Moheb
Evaluating
the Quality of Educational Services from the
Viewpoints of Radiology Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical Sciences
Abdolreza Gilavand, Jafar Fatahiasl
An Investigation
of Psychosocial aspect of Iranian Nursing Students'
Clinical Setting
Mahsa Boozaripour , Zanyar Karimi, Sima Zohari
Anbohi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Fariba Borhani
Clinical Research and Methods
Comparison of the
Antibacterial Effects of Chlorhexidine Mouth
washes with Jaftex Mouth wash on Some Common
Oral Microorganisms (An in Vitro Study)
Ebrahim Babadi, Zahra Bamzadeh, Fatemeh Babadi
Study of the effect
of plasma jet on Fusarium isolates with ability
to produce DON toxins
Elham Galin Abbasian, Mansour Bayat, Arash chaichi
Nosrati, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Mahmood Ghoranneviss
The comparison of
anti-inflammatory effect in two methods of topical
dexamethasone injection and topical application
of ginger alcoholic extract after removing mandibular
wisdom teeth
Sahar Zandi, Seyyed Muhammadreza Alavi, Kamran
Mirzaie, Ramin Seyedian, Narges Aria, Saman
Jokar
The effect of curcumin
on growth and adherence of major microorganisms
causing tooth decay
Leila Helalat, Ahmad Zarejavid, Alireza Ekrami,
Mohammd Hosein Haghighizadeh, Mehdi Shiri Nasab
|
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Chief
Editor -
Abdulrazak
Abyad
MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
.........................................................
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|
|
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| November 2017
- Volume 15, Issue 9 |
|
|
Effects and mechanisms
of medicinal plants on stress hormone (cortisol):
A systematic review
Kamal Solati (1)
Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani (2)
Lesley Pocock (3)
(1) Social
Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord
University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord,
Iran;
(2) Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health
Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran;
(3) Director, Middle East Quality Improvement
Program, Australia.
Corresponding Author:
Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani,
Circuit of Research and Technology,
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,
Iran
Tel: +989131833509, Fax: +98383351031
Email: heidari_62@yahoo.com.
|
Abstract
Stress
is a psychological and physiological state
that leads to release of cortisol from
the adrenal gland, and is associated with
several complications if left untreated.
This review was conducted to investigate
the effects and action mechanisms of medicinal
plants and their derivatives on cortisol.
To conduct this systematic review, the
key words of interest were used to retrieve
relevant articles from databases the Information
Sciences Institute and PubMed. Then, the
plants and the plant-based products that
were effective in corticotropin-releasing
hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone,and
cortisol and therefore control stress,
were selected. According to the inclusion
and exclusion criteria, the results of
19 articles were analyzed. The plants
and their derivatives help regulate the
key mediators and cytokines effective
in stress response via targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis. In addition, they can induce
anti-stress properties via changing and
modulating oxidative and nitrosative stress
biomarkers. Regulation of certain stress
hormones receptors and corticotropin releasing
factor is another mechanism of the plants
and their derivatives in reducing stress.
The plants and their derivatives have
exhibited their therapeutic effects on
mild stress and they are also effective
in treating more severe disorders such
as chronic stress through affecting the
HPA. They can be considered an independent
or supplementary treatment alongside chemotherapies
to decrease cortisol levels and to induce
calmness.
Key words:
Medicinal plant; Cortisol; Stress; Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal.
|
Stress refers to a state in which the balance
between the living organism and the environment
is disrupted. This bothering condition can be
due to heavy workload, educational pressure
(examinations), trauma-induced physical and
psychological stress, surgery, and other hard
conditions of life (1). Stress can be influenced
by certain factors such as age, gender, suffering
from psychiatric disorders such as depression
and anxiety (2) and external factors such as
genetic characteristics (3). Inducing stressful
conditions is dependent on biological changes
in the body. Meanwhile, the hormonal balance
of the body is disrupted. Certain hormones such
as catecholamines, vasopressin, gonadotropins,
thyroid hormones, prolactin, growth hormone,
and insulin fluctuate in response to stressful
conditions (1).
Activating the pituitary-adrenal axis is the
most important neuroendocrine response to stress
that leads to release of certain glucocorticosteroids
such as cortisol from the cortical part of the
adrenal gland that is essential for homeostasis
and survival during stress (4). Imbalance of
cortisol levels leads to different diseases
such as cardiovascular diseases (5), gastrointestinal
diseases, inflammation, immunodeficiency, and
psychiatric disorders (6, 7). Different treatments
are available for stress. Currently, despite
the availability of several psychotherapies
(8-13) and chemotherapies for chronic psychiatric
disorders, treating stress remains relatively
difficult (14).
Medicinal plants can represent effective treatments
for different diseases including psychiatric
disorders and have become increasingly popular
due to being less expensive and causing fewer
side effects (15-25). Moreover, phytotherapies
have demonstrated positive effects in treating
stress (26). With regards to the significant
role of the endocrine system in stress induction
and the several health-related complications
due to stress in humans, this review was conducted
to investigate the effects and action mechanisms
of medicinal plants and their derivatives on
cortisol.
To conduct this systematic review, the key
words of interest and Endnote software were
used. The key words corticotropin-releasing
hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or cortisol
in combination with herb, medicinal plant, and
phyto were used to retrieve relevant articles
from databases of the Information Sciences Institute
and PubMed. Then, the plants and the plant-based
products that were effective in corticotropin-releasing
hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol
and therefore control stress, were selected.
The articles included in this review were published
between 2007 and 2017. The articles whose full
texts were not accessible and were not related
to the purpose of this study were excluded after
the authors’ agreement was achieved. Figure
1 is the flowchart to illustrate how the articles
were selected for final analysis.
The plants regulate cortisol levels mainly
through affecting the HPA axis. Several studies
have been conducted on the plants (Table 1)
and the plant-based compounds (Table 2) that
are effective in modulating hormone.
Besides that, certain plants, as formulated
or combined with other plants, have been approved
and used in traditional medicine and experimental
research. For example, Si Ni Tang is a Chinese
herbal combination consisting of Glycyrrhiza
uralensis, Zingiber officinale, and Aconitum
carmichaeli. A study on a rat model of chronic
unpredictable stress showed that Si Ni Tang
modulated increase in corticosterone and therefore
helped relieve stress (41). Another study demonstrated
that Si Ni powder extract modulated serum levels
of corticosterone and ACTH. In addition, this
extract causes increase in mRNA expression of
hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (42). The
use of combination of Magnolia officinalis and
Phellodendron amurense for four weeks caused
decrease in salivary cortisol levels in patients
with stress (43). A study reported that Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po,
consisting of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit,
Citrus aurantium L. fruit and Magnolia officinalis
Rehd. et Wils. bark, caused normalization of
ACTH and CORT levels in a rat model of unpredictable
chronic mild stress (44).
Studies have shown that certain compounds in
the plants lead to relief of stress through
increasing resistance to mental exhaustion and
increasing attention. However, several mechanisms
can be considered in this regard such that they
help regulate the key mediators that are effective
on stress response consisting of molecular chaperons
stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase
1 (JNK1), (e.g., HSP70), Forkhead box O (FOXO)
transcription factor DAF-16, cortisol, and nitric
oxide (45) through targeting the HPA axis (27,
36, 45, 46). In addition, the plants decrease
the expression of CRF and regulate the activities
of certain receptors of stress hormones such
as GRs (36, 37). On the other hand, some medicinal
plants such as Hypericum perforatum, Melissa
officinalis, Valeriana officinalis, and Passiflora
incarnata can induce anti-stress properties
through changing and modulating oxidative and
nitrosative stress biomarkers (47). Also other
studies have shown that medicinal plants and
their extracted compounds can be effective via
their antioxidant activities (48-54).
However, studies have not consistently confirmed
usefulness of plant-based compounds to relieve
stress. For example, a study reported that medicinal
plants do not cause any change in ACTH or corticosterone
(55). In addition, certain issues should be
taken into account in using medicinal plants
such as effective dose and associated drug-induced
side effects, and interaction with chemical
drugs. It is therefore recommended to use medicinal
plants and their derivatives under physicians’
supervision.
Figure 1. Flowchart of the process of analyzing
the articles
The plants regulate cortisol levels mainly
through affecting the HPA axis. Several studies
have been conducted on the plants (Table 1)
and the plant-based compounds (Table 2) that
are effective in modulating hormone.
Click here for Table1:
Medicinal plants effective on cortisol
Click here for Table
2: Phytochemicals effective on cortisol
Of
the
19
articles
included
in
this
review,
only
one
study
was
conducted
on
humans
as
a
clinical
trial.
Therefore,
because
studies
on
humans
are
more
vigorous
to
determine
the
mechanism
process
of
medicinal
plants,
further
studies
should
be
conducted
on
human
subjects
under
controlled
conditions
to
investigate
this
issue.
However,
it
is
obvious
that
the
plants
and
their
derivatives
have
exhibited
their
therapeutic
effects
on
mild
stress
and
they
are
also
effective
in
treating
more
severe
disorders
such
as
chronic
stress
through
affecting
the
HPA.
They
can
therefore
be
considered
as
supplementary
treatment
alongside
chemical
drugs
to
decrease
cortisol
levels
and
to
induce
peace.
Acknowledgments
The
authors
would
like
to
acknowledge
Research
and
Technology
Deputy
of
Shahrekord
University
of
Medical
Sciences
for
supporting
this
study.
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