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| From
the Editor |
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Editorial
A. Abyad (Chief Editor) |
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Original contribution/Clinical Investigation
Diabetes Mellitus
- Knowledge, Management and Complications: Survey
report from Faisalabad-Pakistan
Ijaz Anwer, Ahmad Shahzad, Kashmira Nanji, Farah
Haider, Muhammad Masood Ahmad
Alanine aminotransferase
indicates excess weight and dyslipidemia
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Orhan Ayyildiz* Mustafa
Cem Algin, Yusuf Aydin, Abdulrazak Abyad, Lesley
Pocock
Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides
Gene Expression in Susceptible/Resistant Mice
Macrophages to Leishmania major Infection
Hamid Daneshvar, Iraj Sharifi, Alireza Kyhani,
Amir Tavakoli Kareshk, Arash Asadi
Does
socio-economic status of the patients have effect
on clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass
grafting surgery?
Forough Razmjooei, Afshin Mansourian, Saeed
Kouhpyma
Comparison of the uterine
artery Doppler indices during pregnancy between
gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus and
healthy pregnant women
Nazanin Farshchian, Farhad Naleini, Amir Masoud
Jaafarnejhad,
Parisa Bahrami Kamangar
Survey single dose
Gentamicin in treatment of UTI in children with
range of 1 month to 13 years old in Jahrom during
2015
Ehsan Rahmanian, Farideh Mogharab,
Vahid Mogharab
Evaluation of control of
bleeding by electro cauterization of bleeding
points of amplatz sheath tract after percutaneous
nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Jahrom Peymanieh hospital
during year 2015-2016
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Comparison of the three-finger
tracheal palpation technique with triple ID
formula to determine endotracheal tube depth
in children 2-8 years in 2016-2017
Anahid Maleki, Alireza Ebrahim Soltani, Alireza
Takzare, Ebrahim Espahbodi,
Mehrdad Goodarzi , Roya Noori
Effect of Sevoflurane
and Propofol on pulmonary arterial pressure
during cardiac catheterization in children with
congenital heart diseases
Faranak Behnaz, Mahshid Ghasemi , Gholamreza
Mohseni, Azim Zaraki
Population and Community Studies
Prevalence
and risk factors of obesity in children aged
2-12 years in the Abu Dhabi Islands
Eideh Al-Shehhi, Hessa Al-Dhefairi, Kholoud
Abuasi, Noora Al Ali, Mona Al Tunaiji, Ebtihal
Darwish
Study and comparison
of psychological disorders in normal students
and students with multiple sclerosis in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Comparative
study of self-concept, physical self-concept,
and time perspective between the students with
multiple sclerosis and healthy students in Shahrekord
Neda Ardestani-Samani, Mohammad Rabiei, Mohammad
Ghasemi-Pirbalooti, Asghar Bayati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani
Relationship
between Coping Styles and Religious Orientation
with Mental Health in the Students of the Nursing-Midwifery
Faculty of Zabol
Nasim Dastras, Mohsen Heidari Mokarrar, Majid
Dastras, Shirzad Arianmehr
Tuberculosis in Abadan,
Iran (2012-2016): An Epidemiological Study
Ali-Asghar ValiPour, Azimeh Karimyan, Mahmood
Banarimehr, Marzieh Ghassemi, Maryam Robeyhavi,
Rahil Hojjati,
Parvin Gholizadeh
Family Stability and Conflict
of Spiritual Beliefs and Superstitions among
Yazdi People in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Zahra Pourmovahed , Seyed Saied Mazloomy Mahmoodabad
; Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi ; Hossein Tavangar
; Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani ; Ali Akbar
Vaezi
A comparative
study of the self-actualization in psychology
and Islam
Simin Afrasibi, Zakieh Fattahi
The effectiveness
of cognitive - behavioral therapy in reducing
the post-traumatic stress symptoms in male students
survivors of earthquake in the central district
of Varzeghan
Sakineh Salamat, Dr.Ahad Ahangar, Robab Farajzadeh
Reviews
Effects and mechanisms
of medicinal plants on stress hormone (cortisol):
A systematic review
Kamal Solati, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Lesley
Pocock
Comparing Traditional
and medical treatments for constipation : A
Review Article
Mohammad Yaqub Rajput
A review of anti-measles
and anti-rubella antibodies in 15- 25 year old
women in Jahrom City in 2011
Ehsan Rahmania , Farideh Mogharab, Vahid Mogharab
Review of percutaneous
nephrolithotomy in children below 12 years old
in Jahrom hospital, during 2010-2014
Ali Reza Yousefi , Reza Inaloo
Physical and
mental health in Islam
Bahador Mehraki, Abdollah Gholami
International Health Affairs
The Challenges of Implementation
of Professional Ethics Standards in Clinical Care
from the viewpoint of Nursing Students and Nurses
Saeedeh Elhami, Kambiz Saberi, Maryam Ban, Sajedeh
Mousaviasl, Nasim Hatefi Moadab, Marzieh Ghassemi
Cognitive Determinants
of Physical Activity Intention among Iranian Nurses:
An Application of Integrative Model of Behavior
Prediction
Arsalan Ghaderi, Firoozeh Mostafavi, Behzad Mahaki,
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh,
Yadolah Zarezadeh , Erfan Sadeghi
Effect of resilience-based
intervention on occupational stress among nurses
Hossein Jafarizadeh, Ebrahim Zhiyani, Nader
Aghakhani, Vahid Alinejad, Yaser Moradi
Education and Training
Calculation of Salaries
and Benefits of Faculty Members in the Ministry
of Health and Medical Education of Iran
Abdolreza Gilavand
The effect of education
on self-care behaviors of gastrointestinal side
effects on patients undergoing chemotherapy
Shokoh Varaei, Ehsan Abadi Pishe, Shadan Pedram
Razie, Lila Nezam Abadi Farahani
Creating and
Validating the Faith Inventory for Students
at Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Solmaz Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein
Maktabi, Ehsan Moheb
Creating
and Validating the Adjustment Inventory for
the Students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Homa Choheili, Reza Pasha, Gholam Hossein Maktabi,
Ehsan Moheb
Evaluating
the Quality of Educational Services from the
Viewpoints of Radiology Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical Sciences
Abdolreza Gilavand, Jafar Fatahiasl
An Investigation
of Psychosocial aspect of Iranian Nursing Students'
Clinical Setting
Mahsa Boozaripour , Zanyar Karimi, Sima Zohari
Anbohi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Fariba Borhani
Clinical Research and Methods
Comparison of the
Antibacterial Effects of Chlorhexidine Mouth
washes with Jaftex Mouth wash on Some Common
Oral Microorganisms (An in Vitro Study)
Ebrahim Babadi, Zahra Bamzadeh, Fatemeh Babadi
Study of the effect
of plasma jet on Fusarium isolates with ability
to produce DON toxins
Elham Galin Abbasian, Mansour Bayat, Arash chaichi
Nosrati, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Mahmood Ghoranneviss
The comparison of
anti-inflammatory effect in two methods of topical
dexamethasone injection and topical application
of ginger alcoholic extract after removing mandibular
wisdom teeth
Sahar Zandi, Seyyed Muhammadreza Alavi, Kamran
Mirzaie, Ramin Seyedian, Narges Aria, Saman
Jokar
The effect of curcumin
on growth and adherence of major microorganisms
causing tooth decay
Leila Helalat, Ahmad Zarejavid, Alireza Ekrami,
Mohammd Hosein Haghighizadeh, Mehdi Shiri Nasab
|
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Chief
Editor -
Abdulrazak
Abyad
MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE
.........................................................
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Office -
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Institute
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Fax: (961) 6-443685
Email:
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|
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| November 2017
- Volume 15, Issue 9 |
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|
The effect of curcumin
on growth and adherence of major microorganisms
causing tooth decay
Leila Helalat (1)
Ahmad Zarejavid (2)
Alireza Ekrami (3)
Mohammd Hosein Haghighizadeh (4)
Mehdi Shiri Nasab (5)
(1) MSc
in Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz
Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz,
Iran
(2) Phd in Nutrition, School of Paramedicine,
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science,
Ahvaz, Iran
(3) Phd in Laboratory sciences, School of Paramedicine,
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science,
Ahvaz, Iran
(4) MSc in Biostatistics, School of health,
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science,
Ahvaz, Iran
(5) MSc in Food Industry, School of Paramedicine,
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science,
Ahvaz, Iran
Corresponding Author:
Ahmad
Zarejavid
School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University
of Medical Science,
Ahvaz, Iran
Email:
ahmadzarejavid@gmail.com
|
Abstract
Background and objective: Streptococcus
mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are
bacteria producing tooth decay which by
adhering to tooth surfaces contribute
to its pathogenesis. By increasing bacterial
resistance to antibiotics, along with
other high-cost of treatment, the use
of natural antibacterial agents is essential.
In this regard, the role of curcumin on
the adhesion process of cariogenic pathogens
has been studied.
Materials and
Methods: The bacterial strains of
Streptococcus mutans (PTCC1683) and Lactobacillus
acidophilus (PTCC1643) were obtained from
the Iranian Research Organization for
Science and Technology). The early growth
of the bacteria was carried out in BHI
medium, and then the concentration of
microorganisms reached the half-MacFarland
standard, and using different concentrations
of curcumin (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 25, 52,
62, 125, 250, 500 µg/ml) obtained
by serial dilution method the substances
were mixed. BHI medium without bacteria
was considered as negative control. Then
samples were incubated for 24 hours at
37°C in anaerobic conditions for determining
the minimum inhibitory concentration.
Inhibitory concentrations determined in
the previous step were used to determine
adhesion using the amount of light absorbance
determination method.
Results: The
minimum inhibitory concentration of growth
was determined in both bacterial strains
of 250 µg/ml. The results showed
a decrease in light absorption with increasing
curcumin concentration (P<0.001), which
indicates a high correlation (correlation
coefficient of -0.93) of curcumin concentrations
with reverse adhesion.
Conclusion:
Adhesion is the most important factor
in tooth decay and its reduction is an
effective solution in preventing the disease.
Considering the inhibitory role of curcumin
on growth and binding of bacterial strains,
this curcuminoid agent is considered as
a potent anti-decay agent.
Key words: Adhesion,
Curcumin, Tooth decay
|
The oral cavity diseases, especially tooth
decay, are common diseases with high prevalence
in human societies (1). 95% of people in each
society suffer from dental caries and periodontal
diseases (2). However, our country’s state
of health in terms of oral hygiene and the teeth
of children aged 6 to 12 in the Middle East
region are the best, but unfortunately we (Iranian)
are the worst in the 20-25 age group among the
countries of the region. There is no exact data
on the rate of caries of Iranian teeth, but
what is certain is that we do not have a good
situation in this age group (3).
Dental caries is a multi-factorial infectious
disease, mainly due to the reduction in pH following
carbohydrate fermentation, due to the action
of two bacterial strains of streptococci and
lactobacillus (1 and 4).
The formation of dental biofilms has been associated
with the onset and development of dental caries
as the extracellular matrix surrounding the
bacteria (7-5). The first step in the formation
of dental biofilms is bacterial adhesion to
the dental surfaces (8). Oral and oral diseases
have a negative effect on the quality of life,
general health, nutritional status and social
function of individuals. The pain, infection,
sleep disorders and difficulty in chewing and
eating and talking are considered as adverse
outcomes of oral and dental illnesses in individuals
(9). Dental diseases such as dental caries and
gum disease may also significantly affect the
health of the individual. Dental caries are
associated with the development of chronic diseases
such as diabetes and heart disease (9, 27).
Considering the high cost of treatment in oral
cavity diseases (1) as well as increased bacterial
resistance to commonly used antibiotics for
treatment, new strategies for the prevention
and treatment of dental caries and the fight
against pathogens are needed (10). Nutrition
is an effective factor in the prevention and
treatment of dental caries and primary prevention
programs at community level, including nutritional
control, have played an important role in reducing
tooth decay (11). Today, the use of natural
antimicrobial agents in the form of alternative
therapies has expanded due to the low and effective
nature of the treatment and even the prevention
of many diseases, including oral and dental
diseases (13-12). Therefore, finding these natural
and low risk compounds and studying the effect
of these compounds on growth and adhesion of
cariogenic bacteria, as the first step in the
onset of tooth decay is considered necessary
(5.8).
Tumeric is a yellow spice of the family Zingiberaceae
(14), which grows mainly in the southern and
tropical regions of Asia, such as China, India
and Malaysia. The root and stem of this plant
mainly contains a yellow curcuminoid compound
(15). Turmeric is one of the most popular plants
with extensive therapeutic properties in traditional
medicine (16).
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), as the main constituent
of the main color of yellow in turmeric (17),
due to its various antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial and antiparasitic
effects can be used in various parts of the
body, including the oral cavity (18-20). Most
studies in the field of oral cavity diseases,
such as the study by Izui et al. (29), have
focused on periodontal disease due to the anti-inflammatory
effects of curcumin, or in the form of mouthwash
containing curcumin in the study of Mali et
al. (22) and in the form of a curcumin-based
gel by Bhatia et al (21), curcumin has been
shown to be effective on periodontal disease,
but the effect of curcumin on dental caries
is less marked. On the other hand, studies such
as Mandroli and Bhat (23) have mainly focused
on the growth and microbiological counting of
decay pathogens. Therefore, studying the effect
of curcumin on growth of major microorganisms
of dental caries as a biological factor along
with their adhesion, which is one of the main
causes of their pathogenicity, is one of the
goals to be considered in this study.
Analysis
method
This
study
is
an
experimental
study
approved
by
the
Ethics
Committee
of
the
Medical
University
of
Ahvaz
number
1395.590IR.AJUMS.REC.
The
curcumin
used
in
this
study
was
from
the
German
Merck
company
with
a
purity
of
about
97%.
DMSO
(Dimethyl
sulfoxide)
solution
was
used
to
increase
solubility
and
the
final
concentration
of
1mg/ml
solution
was
prepared
from
curcumin
solution,
from
which
was
obtained
a
uniform
solution
of
curcumin
using
shaker.
A
bacterial
filter
was
used
to
remove
contaminants.
Microorganisms
The
bacterial
strains
of
Streptococcus
mutans
(PTCC1683)
and
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
(PTCC1643)
were
obtained
from
the
Iranian
Research
Organization
for
Science
and
Technology).
BHIB
(Brain
heart
infusion
broth)
containing
1%
sucrose
was
used
for
early
growth
of
the
microorganisms.
The
culture
media
was
incubated
in
anaerobic
conditions
after
inoculation
of
bacteria
for
24
hours
at
37°C.
Preparation
of
bacterial
suspension:
A
linear
culture
of
the
initial
BHI
medium
was
performed
on
a
Blood
Agar
culture
medium
under
sterile
conditions
and
resumed
for
24
hours
at
37°C
incubation.
The
selective
harvesting
of
microbial
colonies
was
performed
from
Blood
Agar
level
(surface)
under
sterile
conditions
and
the
colonies
were
transferred
to
a
culture
medium
(BHIB)
(Brain
heart
infusion
broth)
containing
1%
sucrose
and
then
incubated
for
24
hours
under
anaerobic
conditions
at
37°C.
The
growth
concentration
was
adjusted
to
5×106
organism/
ml
by
using
0.5
McFarland’s
turbidity
standard.
To
prepare
McFarland’s
standard,
0.6
ml
of
1%
sodium
chloride
solution
was
dissolved
in
100
ml
of
sulfuric
acid
in
a
volume
of
100
ml
and
uniform
solution
of
bacterial
suspension
was
obtained
by
shaker.
Using
an
ultraviolet
spectrophotometer
(UV-2802
United
States
Unicode),
the
OD
(optical
absorption)
at
a
wavelength
of
620
nm
was
set
at
a
pH
of
about
0.1
to
achieve
a
concentration
of
5×106
CFU
(24).
The
method
of
exposure
to
bacterial
strains
with
different
concentrations
of
curcumin
Different
concentrations
of
curcumin
solution
were
obtained
by
serial
dilution
method.
In
such
a
way
12
sterile
tubes
were
considered.
In
all
tubes,
1ml
of
bacterial
solution
was
added
at
a
concentration
equivalent
to
the
0/5
McFarland’s
turbidity
standard.
Then
in
the
first
tube
containing
1
ml
bacterial
solution,
1
ml
of
the
curcumin
solution
was
added.
After
mixing
well,
1
ml
was
transferred
to
the
second
tube,
this
was
continued
till
the
last
(10th)
tube.
From
the
last
tube
1ml
of
final
solution
was
discarded.
By
following
this
serial
dilution,
the
concentration
of,
500,
250,
125,
5.62,
25.31,
16,
8,
4,
2,
1µg/ml,
respectively
was
acheived)
(23).
BHI
medium
without
bacteria
was
considered
as
a
negative
control
and
non-curcumin
bacterial
suspension
as
a
positive
control,
and
then
the
test
and
control
samples
were
incubated
at
37°C
for
24
hours
under
anaerobic
conditions.
Determination
of
MIC
(Minimum
inhibitory
concentration)
Considering
the
generation
of
turbidity
from
bacterial
growth,
examination
of
the
transparency
of
tubes
indicated
the
inhibition
of
growth
in
tubes.
The
the
tubes
were
incubated
for
24
hours
at
37°C
after
the
incubation,
the
MIC
values
were
determined
by
visual
inspection
of
tubes.
In
each
series
of
tubes,
the
last
tube
with
clear
supernatant
was
considered
to
be
without
any
growth
and
taken
as
MIC
value.
Turbidity
in
the
tube
indicated
growth
of
the
bacteria
implying
that
the
bacteria
are
resistant
to
curcumin.
All
steps
for
each
bacterial
strain
were
repeated
2
times
and
the
mean
of
measurements
was
expressed
in
2
replicates
(23.31).
Assessment
of
adhesion
2.5
ml
of
inhibitory
concentrations
of
curcumin,
which
did
not
inhibit
the
growth
of
bacteria
in
the
previous
stage,
was
added
to
2.5
ml
of
BHI
medium
containing
1%
sucrose
and
250l
of
bacterial
suspension
prepared
at
a
concentration
of
5×106
CFU.
In
positive
control
sample,
instead
of
the
curcumin
solution,
DMSO
alone
was
used
and
in
the
negative
control
sample,
BHI
medium
containing
1%
sucrose
without
bacteria
was
considered.
Then,
at
37°C,
for
24
hours,
with
Angle
30,
the
incubation
was
performed
under
anaerobic
conditions.
The
tubes
were
examined
externally,
and
the
lowest
concentration
without
attachment
of
visible
cell
to
tubes
wall
was
determined
as
Total
Bacterial
Adherence
Inhibition
(TBAI)
(25).
After
removing
the
contents
of
the
tubes
containing
suspended
cells
for
isolation
of
the
cells
that
were
attached
to
the
tubes,
3ml
of
KPB
0.5M
buffer
with
Ph=6.8
was
used
and
0.25ml
trypsin.
The
amount
of
cells
suspended
by
optical
density
was
measured
by
a
spectrophotometer
(UV
-2802
Unico)
at
a
wavelength
of
490nm.
All
tests
were
repeated
for
2
bacterial
strains
and
the
mean
of
measurements
was
expressed
in
2
replicates
(26).
Statistical
analysis
In
this
study,
data
analysis
and
statistical
analysis
of
data
were
performed
using
SPSS22
software.
Spearman
statistical
test
to
examine
the
correlation
between
quantitative
variables
and
Independent
sample-T
test
to
compare
the
mean
of
quantitative
variables
in
two
groups
and
One
Way
ANOVA
test
followed
by
a
Sidak
test
to
compare
the
mean
of
quantitative
variables
in
the
control
group
with
each
of
the
test
groups
were
used.
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